Savory K, Garay S M, Sumption L A, Kelleher J S, Daughters K, Janssen A B, Van Goozen S, John R M
Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX United Kingdom.
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ United Kingdom.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Mar 1;264:383-392. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.057. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
Sex differences in the behaviour of children exposed to prenatal maternal depression and anxiety have been reported. This study compared depression and anxiety symptoms reported by mothers at term with maternal perceptions of one year old male and female infant temperament and with researcher observed infant characteristics, identifying differences for males and females with both approaches.
Infant behaviour and temperament was assessed via maternally completed questionnaires including Infant Behavioural Questionnaire Revised - Short form and by researcher administered subcomponents of Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III.
For female infants, higher prenatal scores for depression and anxiety were associated with maternal perceptions of lower bonding, higher aggression and negativity, and lower soothability (n = 67 mother-infant dyads). In the laboratory assessment, intensity of escape was the only female infant factor significantly associated with maternal mood (n = 41). For male infants, there was minimal association between prenatal mood scores and maternal perceptions (n = 46) whereas in the laboratory assessment (n = 35) depression scores were associated with expressive language, facial interest and facial fear while anxiety scores were associated with expressive and receptive language, parent behaviour and facial fear.
Findings may be restricted to a single ethnicity or mode of delivery. Fewer infants attended the infant assessment. A laboratory setting may mask symptomatology in females.
Atypical maternal perceptions may present a barrier to the early identification of male infants impacted by maternal depression and anxiety.
已有报道称，暴露于产前母亲抑郁和焦虑环境中的儿童行为存在性别差异。本研究比较了足月时母亲报告的抑郁和焦虑症状、母亲对一岁男婴和女婴气质的认知以及研究人员观察到的婴儿特征，通过这两种方法确定了男性和女性之间的差异。
通过母亲填写的问卷评估婴儿行为和气质，包括修订版婴儿行为问卷简表，以及研究人员实施的实验室气质评估量表子组件和贝利婴儿发展量表第三版。
对于女婴，产前抑郁和焦虑得分较高与母亲认为的较低亲密感、较高攻击性和消极性以及较低安抚性相关（n = 67对母婴）。在实验室评估中，逃避强度是与母亲情绪显著相关的唯一女婴因素（n = 41）。对于男婴，产前情绪得分与母亲认知之间的关联极小（n = 46），而在实验室评估中（n = 35），抑郁得分与表达性语言、面部兴趣和面部恐惧相关，焦虑得分与表达性和接受性语言、父母行为和面部恐惧相关。
研究结果可能仅限于单一种族或分娩方式。参加婴儿评估的婴儿较少。实验室环境可能掩盖女性的症状。
非典型的母亲认知可能会对早期识别受母亲抑郁和焦虑影响的男婴造成障碍。
