Department of R&D, Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Mar 1;264:543-551. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.002. Epub 2019 Dec 3.
Adolescence is a period of brain plasticity that is affected by social and affective stimuli. Adaptive neurodevelopmental changes in the context of complex social situations may precipitate or exacerbate cognitive biases (i.e., attention and/or interpretation biases) and predispose at-risk individuals to symptoms of social anxiety.
This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Nine adolescent studies were examined including 3 studies using Cognitive Bias Modification Training (CBMT) to target attention biases (CBMT-A), 3 studies using CBMT to target interpretation biases (CBMT-I), and 3 aimed at reducing both attention and interpretation biases.
The studies of CBMT-A alone did not find significant effects on cognitive and clinical outcomes. However, studies of CBMT-I alone showed some improvement in interpretation bias. The combination of CBMT-A and CBMT-I appeared promising in reducing both attentionl and interpretation biases.
The paucity of studies and the heterogeneity across studies (e.g., format of CBMT, assessment measures) limit the calculation of overall effect sizes and the examination of predictors, moderators, and mediators of outcome.
Technology-driven interventions such as CBMT have the potential to extend treatments outside the clinic setting and to augment current therapies for social anxiety. Further research is needed to develop CBMT procedures that optimize learning in group and real-world settings and to identify predictors of treatment response. Understanding the neural correlates of response to CBMT may help identify future targets for intervention.
青春期是大脑可塑性受社会和情感刺激影响的时期。在复杂社会情境下，适应性神经发育变化可能会引发或加剧认知偏差（即注意力和/或解释偏差），并使处于风险中的个体易患社交焦虑症状。
本系统评价遵循 PRISMA 指南。共检查了 9 项青少年研究，其中 3 项研究使用认知偏差修正训练（CBMT）来针对注意力偏差（CBMT-A），3 项研究使用 CBMT 来针对解释偏差（CBMT-I），3 项研究旨在减少注意力和解释偏差。
单独使用 CBMT-A 的研究并未发现对认知和临床结果有显著影响。然而，单独使用 CBMT-I 的研究表明解释偏差有所改善。CBMT-A 和 CBMT-I 的联合使用似乎有希望减少注意力和解释偏差。
研究数量少，研究之间存在异质性（例如，CBMT 的形式、评估措施），限制了总体效应大小的计算以及对结果的预测因素、调节剂和介质的检验。
基于技术的干预措施，如 CBMT，有可能将治疗扩展到临床环境之外，并增强社交焦虑症的现有治疗方法。需要进一步研究以开发在小组和现实环境中优化学习的 CBMT 程序，并确定治疗反应的预测因素。了解 CBMT 反应的神经相关性可能有助于确定未来的干预目标。
