Office of Research & Development, U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
Research Planning, Inc., Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Apr;153:110954. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110954. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
The majority of aquatic toxicity data for petroleum products has been limited to a few intensively studied crude oils and Corexit chemical dispersants, and acute toxicity testing in two standard estuarine test species: mysids (Americamysis bahia) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina). This study compared the toxicity of two chemical dispersants commonly stock piled for spill response (Corexit EC9500A®, Finasol®OSR 52), three less studied agents (Accell Clean®DWD dispersant; CytoSol® surface washing agent; Gelco200® solidifier), and three crude oils differing in hydrocarbon composition (Dorado, Endicott, Alaska North Slope). Consistent with listings on the U.S. National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, general rank order toxicity was greatest for dispersants and lowest for the solidifier. The results indicate that freshwater species can have similar sensitivity as the conventionally tested mysids and silversides, and that the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) appears to be a reasonable addition to increase taxa diversity in standardized oil agent testing.
大多数石油产品的水生毒性数据仅限于少数经过深入研究的原油和科雷希特化学分散剂，以及两种标准河口测试物种的急性毒性测试：糠虾（Americamysis bahia）和内陆银汉鱼（Menidia beryllina）。本研究比较了两种常用于应对溢油事故的化学分散剂（Corexit EC9500A®，Finasol®OSR 52）、三种研究较少的制剂（Accell Clean®DWD 分散剂；CytoSol®表面清洗剂；Gelco200®固化剂）以及三种烃组成不同的原油（Dorado、Endicott、阿拉斯加北坡）的毒性。与美国国家应急计划产品清单上的清单一致，分散剂的总体毒性最高，固化剂的毒性最低。结果表明，淡水物种的敏感性与传统测试的糠虾和银汉鱼相似，并且海胆（Arbacia punctulata）似乎是增加标准化油剂测试中分类多样性的合理选择。
