Unité Perception et Mémoire, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France; Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France.
AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Apr 1;266:498-502. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.081. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
Olfactory deficits (OD) are reported as markers for a large spectrum of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Alterations can concern perception, identification, discrimination and assignment of odour's valence of olfaction process. We propose a comprehensive review to summarize which kind of OD were reported in bipolar disorders (BD) and in which phase of the disease, to know if they could be a marker of state or trait.
A Systematic Literature Review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to include all studies assessing olfaction with objective measures in BD.
9 studies were identified. All of them have assessed odour identification and 3 reported deficits mainly in patients with psychotic features or elements of illness severity in comparison to healthy subjects. There is no difference in threshold of perception between BD patients and controls and it is no possible to conclude for discrimination because only one study has assessed this dimension in comparison to control. We cannot conclude for hedonic value of odours regarding these studies.
These studies are very incomplete because only one has evaluated all the processes involved in olfaction process.
In light of this review, evidence is still missing to unveil potential disturbances of olfactory process as a marker of BD. These new avenues of research could help to clarify the links between OD and BD and provide information on the pathophysiology of the disorder according to the impaired dimension.
嗅觉障碍 (OD) 被报道为广泛的神经精神障碍的标志物。改变可能涉及嗅觉过程的感知、识别、区分和气味效价的分配。我们提出了一项全面的综述，以总结在双相情感障碍 (BD) 中报告的哪种 OD 以及在疾病的哪个阶段，以了解它们是否可以作为状态或特征的标志物。
使用 PRISMA 指南进行系统文献综述，以纳入所有评估 BD 中嗅觉的客观测量的研究。
确定了 9 项研究。所有研究都评估了气味识别，其中 3 项研究报告了主要在有精神病特征或疾病严重程度因素的患者中与健康受试者相比的缺陷。BD 患者和对照组的感知阈值没有差异，也不能对区分做出结论，因为只有一项研究与对照组相比评估了这一维度。关于这些研究，我们不能对气味的愉悦价值做出结论。
这些研究非常不完整，因为只有一项研究评估了嗅觉过程中涉及的所有过程。
根据这项综述，仍然缺乏证据来揭示嗅觉过程作为 BD 标志物的潜在障碍。这些新的研究途径可以帮助阐明 OD 和 BD 之间的联系，并根据受损维度提供有关疾病病理生理学的信息。
