Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France.
Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France; Inserm U1114, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, département de psychiatrie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Maison des addictions, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France.
Encephale. 2020 Apr;46(2):115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.11.012. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
Several studies have investigated visual processing impairment in schizophrenia. The literature on visual exploration has described restricted scanning in schizophrenia patients. This gaze behavior is characterized by increased fixation duration, a reduced scan path length and avoidance of salient features of the face with emotional content. The aim of this paper is to give an insight on the latest update on scan path deficit. Abnormal gaze exploration was replicated in various visual stimuli. This review describes gaze patterns with stimuli that imply minimal to high cognitive process: figures, objects, faces, and scenes. Interestingly, schizophrenia patients have shown cognitive flexibility by modulating gaze scanning when they are involved in an active assignment. We will also consider scanning abnormalities in real-life environment and discuss the potential therapeutic use of eye tracking in schizophrenia. The therapeutic application of eye tracking in schizophrenia is a young emerging field in psychiatry research. The recent remediation program is based on the reorientation of visual attention on the salient features of faces. For now, this program has shown encouraging results. Further studies are needed to explore behavior in real-world situations to complement laboratory measurements to move toward a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying atypical scanning in patients with schizophrenia.
已有多项研究调查了精神分裂症患者的视觉加工障碍。有关视觉探索的文献描述了精神分裂症患者的受限扫视。这种注视行为的特征是注视持续时间延长、扫视路径长度缩短以及避免具有情绪内容的面部显著特征。本文旨在深入了解扫视路径缺陷的最新研究进展。异常的注视探索在各种视觉刺激中得到了重复验证。本综述描述了与认知过程从低到高的刺激相关的注视模式：人物、物体、面孔和场景。有趣的是，精神分裂症患者在参与主动任务时通过调节注视扫描表现出认知灵活性。我们还将考虑真实环境中的扫视异常，并讨论眼动追踪在精神分裂症中的潜在治疗用途。眼动追踪在精神分裂症中的治疗应用是精神病学研究中的一个新兴领域。最近的矫正方案基于将视觉注意力重新定向到面部的显著特征。目前，该方案显示出了令人鼓舞的结果。需要进一步的研究来探索现实世界环境中的行为，以补充实验室测量，从而更全面地了解精神分裂症患者异常扫视的潜在机制。
