Wolf Alexandra, Ueda Kazuo
JSPS International Research Fellow, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Unit of Perceptual Psychology, Dept. Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Division of Auditory and Visual Perception Research, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 7;12:590986. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590986. eCollection 2021.
In the field of psychology, the merge of decision-theory and neuroscientific methods produces an array of scientifically recognized paradigms. For example, by exploring consumer's eye-movement behavior, researchers aim to deepen the understanding of how patterns of retinal activation are being meaningfully transformed into visual experiences and connected with specific reactions (e.g., purchase). Notably, eye-movements provide knowledge of one's homeostatic balance and gatekeep information that shape decisions. Hence, vision science investigates the quality of observed environments determined under various experimental conditions. Moreover, it answers questions on how human process visual stimuli and use gained information for a successful strategy to achieve certain goals. While capturing cognitive states with the support of the eye-trackers progresses at a relatively fast pace in decision-making research, measuring the visual performance of real-life tasks, which require complex cognitive skills, is tentatively translated into clinical experiments. Nevertheless, the potential of the human eye as a highly valuable source of biomarkers has been underlined. In this article, we aim to draw readers attention to decision-making experimental paradigms supported with eye-tracking technology among clinical populations. Such interdisciplinary approach may become an important component that will (i) help in objectively illustrating patient's models of beliefs and values, (ii) support clinical interventions, and (iii) contribute to health services. It is possible that shortly, eye-movement data from decision-making experiments will grant the scientific community a greater understanding of mechanisms underlining mental states and consumption practices that medical professionals consider as obsessions, disorders or addiction.
在心理学领域，决策理论与神经科学方法的融合产生了一系列得到科学认可的范式。例如，通过探索消费者的眼动行为，研究人员旨在加深对视网膜激活模式如何有意义地转化为视觉体验并与特定反应（如购买）相联系的理解。值得注意的是，眼动提供了有关一个人的内稳态平衡的知识以及塑造决策的把关信息。因此，视觉科学研究在各种实验条件下所确定的观察环境的质量。此外，它还回答了关于人类如何处理视觉刺激以及如何利用所获得的信息制定成功策略以实现特定目标的问题。虽然在决策研究中，借助眼动仪捕捉认知状态的进展相对较快，但对需要复杂认知技能的现实生活任务的视觉表现进行测量，正初步转化为临床实验。尽管如此，人眼作为生物标志物的极有价值来源的潜力已得到强调。在本文中，我们旨在吸引读者关注临床人群中借助眼动追踪技术支持的决策实验范式。这种跨学科方法可能会成为一个重要组成部分，它将（i）有助于客观地阐明患者的信念和价值观模型，（ii）支持临床干预，以及（iii）为卫生服务做出贡献。不久之后，决策实验中的眼动数据有可能使科学界更深入地了解医学专业人员视为痴迷、障碍或成瘾的心理状态和消费行为背后的机制。
