School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valparaíso, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2020 Jun;1865(6):158662. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158662. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lower risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary source of EPA and DHA is fatty fish. Plant-derived alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) could provide sustainable land-based alternatives, but their functionality is underexplored. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) may influence atherogenic processes through changing endothelial cell (EC) function and lowering inflammation. This study compared effects of marine- and plant-derived n-3 FAs on EC inflammatory responses. EA.hy926 cells were exposed to ALA, SDA, EPA or DHA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. All FAs were shown to be incorporated into ECs in a dose-dependent manner. SDA (50 μM) decreased both production and cell-surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1; however EPA and DHA resulted in greater reduction of ICAM-1 production and expression. EPA and DHA also significantly lowered production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. ALA, SDA and DHA (50 μM) all reduced adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. DHA significantly decreased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB)p105 gene expression and phosphorylated NFκBp65 protein. Both EPA and DHA (50 μM) significantly decreased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein. Thus, both marine-derived n-3 FAs, particularly DHA, had potent anti-inflammatory effects in this EC model. Of the plant-derived n-3 FAs, SDA showed the greatest inhibition of inflammation. Although neither ALA nor SDA reproduced the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA in this model, there is some potential for SDA to be a sustainable anti-inflammatory alternative to the marine n-3 FAs.
二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）降低心血管疾病风险。EPA 和 DHA 的主要来源是多脂鱼。植物衍生的α-亚麻酸（ALA）和二十二碳六烯酸（SDA）可以提供可持续的陆地替代品，但它们的功能尚未得到充分探索。ω-3 脂肪酸（n-3 FAs）可能通过改变内皮细胞（EC）功能和降低炎症来影响动脉粥样硬化过程。本研究比较了海洋和植物源性 n-3 FAs 对 EC 炎症反应的影响。在肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α刺激前，将 EA.hy926 细胞暴露于 ALA、SDA、EPA 或 DHA 中。所有 FA 均以剂量依赖性方式掺入 EC。SDA（50 μM）降低细胞间黏附分子（ICAM）-1 的产生和细胞表面表达；然而，EPA 和 DHA 导致 ICAM-1 产生和表达的降低更为显著。EPA 和 DHA 还显著降低单核细胞趋化蛋白 1、白细胞介素（IL）-6 和 IL-8 的产生。ALA、SDA 和 DHA（50 μM）均降低了 THP-1 单核细胞与 EA.hy926 细胞的黏附。DHA 显著降低核因子 kappa 轻链增强子的 B 细胞（NFκB）p105 基因表达和磷酸化 NFκBp65 蛋白。EPA 和 DHA（50 μM）均显著降低环氧化酶（COX）-2 蛋白。因此，在这种 EC 模型中，两种海洋衍生的 n-3 FAs，特别是 DHA，均具有强大的抗炎作用。在植物源性 n-3 FAs 中，SDA 对炎症的抑制作用最大。尽管在该模型中，ALA 或 SDA 均未复制 EPA 和 DHA 的抗炎作用，但 SDA 具有成为海洋 n-3 FAs 的可持续抗炎替代品的潜力。
