Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Times Institute, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 26;14(1):14802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65214-x.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are of interest due to their potential health properties and have a significant role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases in humans. It is commonly used as a supplement. However, lipid oxidation is an important negative factor caused by environmental, processing, and limited water solubility of LCPUFA, making them difficult to incorporate into food products. The objective of this research work was to prevent oxidation, extend shelf life, enhance the stability of fatty acids, and to achieve controlled release by preparing spray-dried powder (SDM). For spray-drying, aqueous emulsion blends were formulated using a 1:1 ratio of chia seed oil (CSO) and fish oil (FO) and using a laboratory-scale spray-dryer with varying conditions: inlet air temperature (IAT, 125-185 °C), wall material (WM, 5-25%), pump speed (PS, 3-7 mL/min), and needle speed (NS, 3-11 s). The maximum alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content was 33 ± 1%. The highest values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the microcapsules were 8.4 ± 0.4 and 13 ± 1%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared and X-Ray diffraction analysis results indicated that SDM was successfully formulated with Gum Arabic and maltodextrin (MD). The blending without encapsulation of CSO and FO was digested more efficiently and resulted in more oil being released with simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and SGF + SIF conditions without heating. No significant changes were observed for saturated, monounsaturated, and LCPUFA, whether exposed or not to gastrointestinal conditions. However, compared to the release of SDM, it can be useful for designing delivery systems for the controlled release of essential fatty acids.
长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)因其潜在的健康特性而受到关注,并且在降低人类各种慢性疾病的风险方面具有重要作用。它通常被用作补充剂。然而,由于 LCPUFA 的环境、加工和有限的水溶性导致的脂质氧化是一个重要的负面因素,这使得它们难以掺入食品中。本研究工作的目的是通过制备喷雾干燥粉末(SDM)来防止氧化、延长保质期、增强脂肪酸的稳定性和实现控制释放。对于喷雾干燥,使用实验室规模的喷雾干燥器,用 chia 籽油(CSO)和鱼油(FO)以 1:1 的比例配制水乳液混合物,并使用不同的条件来配制水乳液混合物:入口空气温度(IAT,125-185°C)、壁材料(WM,5-25%)、泵速(PS,3-7 mL/min)和针速(NS,3-11 s)。ALA 的最大含量为 33±1%。微胶囊中 EPA 和 DHA 的最高值分别为 8.4±0.4 和 13±1%。傅里叶变换红外和 X 射线衍射分析结果表明,成功地用阿拉伯树胶和麦芽糊精(MD)配制了 SDM。CSO 和 FO 不进行包封的混合物在模拟胃液(SGF)、模拟肠液(SIF)和 SGF+SIF 条件下消化效率更高,并且在没有加热的情况下释放出更多的油。无论是暴露于胃肠道条件下还是不暴露于胃肠道条件下,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和 LCPUFA 都没有观察到显著变化。然而,与 SDM 的释放相比,它可用于设计用于控制必需脂肪酸释放的传递系统。
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