MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Jun 5;391:122244. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122244. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Heavy metal(loid)s are natural constituents of the Earth's crust, and apportionment of their sources in surface soils is a challenging task. This study evaluated the application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, assisted with regression modeling and geospatial mapping, in the quantitative source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in the agricultural soils of Handan, a region covering >12,000 km. Obvious enrichment of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was found in the surface soils, with Cd alone accounted for 73 % of the overall potential ecological risk. PMF model revealed that Cd (56.9 %) and Pb (47.8 %) in the region's agricultural soils were predominantly contributed by industrial sources, Fe (71.8 %), Cr (60.0 %), V (52.9 %), Cu (50.7 %), Ni (42.2 %), and Mn (41.4 %) were primarily of lithogenic origin, while Co (54.1 %), As (42.9 %), and Zn (40.0 %) mainly came from the mixed sources of natural background, agricultural sources, and vehicle emissions. Uncertainty analysis showed that the contributions of pollution sources to the soil heavy metal(loid)s estimated by PMF model had considerable variations. While quantitative source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in soils could be achieved with PMF based on their spatial distributions, combination with emission inventory and reactive transport are probably necessary to obtain more accurate results.
重金属（类）是地壳的天然组成部分，其在地表土壤中的来源分配是一项具有挑战性的任务。本研究评估了正矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型的应用，该模型结合回归建模和地理空间制图，用于定量分配邯郸市（覆盖面积超过 12000 平方公里）农业土壤中重金属（类）的来源。研究发现，表层土壤中砷、镉、铜、铅和锌明显富集，其中镉单独占总潜在生态风险的 73%。PMF 模型揭示，该地区农业土壤中的镉（56.9%）和铅（47.8%）主要来自工业源，铁（71.8%）、铬（60.0%）、钒（52.9%）、铜（50.7%）、镍（42.2%）和锰（41.4%）主要来自岩石成因，而钴（54.1%）、砷（42.9%）和锌（40.0%）主要来自自然背景、农业源和车辆排放的混合源。不确定性分析表明，PMF 模型估计的土壤重金属（类）污染源对土壤重金属（类）的贡献存在较大差异。虽然可以根据土壤重金属（类）的空间分布，利用 PMF 进行定量的来源分配，但为了获得更准确的结果，可能需要结合排放清单和反应性运输。
