Olive Research Institute, İzmir, Turkey.
Faculty of Agriculture, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Jul 16;46(9):320. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02108-x.
İzmir, Turkey's third most populous city, is in an important position in terms of both agriculture and industry. The province, which contributes 9.3% to the country's industrial production, also has an important potential in terms of olive cultivation. However, until now, no research has been undertaken to analyze the content of trace elements (TEs) in the soil of olive orchards in İzmir. This study was carried out to determine the pollution level and ecological risks of TEs in the olive orchards soils of İzmir province, to reveal their potential sources and to evaluate their health risks. Among the TEs, the average content of only Ni (37.9 mg/kg) exceeded the world soil average content (29 mg/kg), while the average content of only Cd (0.176 mg/kg) exceeded the upper continental crust content (0.09 mg/kg). Enrichment factor revealed that there was significant enrichment for Cd in 73.6%, Ni in 11.6% and Cr in 5.4% of olive orchards, respectively, due to polluted irrigation water and agrochemicals. Similarly, ecological risk factor indicated that there were moderate and considerable ecological risks for Cd in 48.8% and 23.3% of olive orchards, respectively. Absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model showed that Ni and Cr in the study area are affected by agricultural sources, Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn originate from lithogenic sources, and Cd originates from mixed sources. Based on health risk evaluation methods, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects would not be expected for residents. This study provides significant knowledge for evaluating soil TE pollution in olive orchards and serves a model for source apportionment and human health risk evaluation of TEs in other agricultural regions.
土耳其第三大城市伊兹密尔（İzmir）在农业和工业方面都占有重要地位。该省的工业生产占全国的 9.3%，在橄榄种植方面也具有重要潜力。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究对伊兹密尔橄榄园土壤中的微量元素（TEs）含量进行分析。本研究旨在确定伊兹密尔省橄榄园土壤中 TEs 的污染水平和生态风险，揭示其潜在来源，并评估其健康风险。在 TEs 中，只有 Ni（37.9mg/kg）的平均含量超过世界土壤平均含量（29mg/kg），而只有 Cd（0.176mg/kg）的平均含量超过上地壳含量（0.09mg/kg）。富集因子表明，由于受污染的灌溉水和农用化学品的影响，Cd 在 73.6%的橄榄园中、Ni 在 11.6%的橄榄园中、Cr 在 5.4%的橄榄园中分别存在显著富集。同样，生态风险因子表明，Cd 在 48.8%和 23.3%的橄榄园中分别存在中度和相当大的生态风险。绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）模型表明，研究区的 Ni 和 Cr 受农业源的影响，Al、Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb 和 Zn 来源于岩源，而 Cd 来源于混合源。基于健康风险评估方法，预计居民不会受到非致癌和致癌影响。本研究为评估橄榄园土壤 TE 污染提供了重要知识，并为其他农业地区 TEs 的源解析和人体健康风险评估提供了模型。
