State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jul;238:482-490. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.048. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Rapid industrialization in China in recent decades has resulted in soil contamination in some areas, raising the concern about food safety. Consumption of rice represents a major exposure route for the toxic elements cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). We collected 160 polished rice from local markets in 20 provinces in China and determined total Cd and As concentrations and As speciation. Total Cd concentration ranged from below the detection limit to 0.77 mg kg, with 10% of the samples exceeding the Chinese limit (0.2 mg kg). Rice Cd concentration showed a distinct geographical pattern, increasing from low levels in the north to high levels in the south of China. Median daily Cd intake from rice varied from 0.01 μg kg body weight in the north to 0.61 μg kg body weight in the south of China, representing between 1% and 73% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) recommended by FAO/WHO. The highest median Cd intake from rice was in Hunan province with 2 times TDI. Total As concentration ranged from 0.011 to 0.186 mg kg, with inorganic As (iAs) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAs) on average accounting for 69% and 31%, respectively. All samples were below the Chinese limit for iAs in rice (0.2 mg kg). There was no clear geographical pattern in rice total As concentration, but rice produced in northeastern China contained higher percentages of DMAs and lower percentages of iAs. This study highlights a high risk of Cd exposure from rice consumption for the population of southern China and suggested strategies for reducing Cd accumulation in rice crop.
近几十年来，中国的快速工业化导致一些地区土壤受到污染，引发了人们对食品安全的担忧。食用大米是人体摄入有毒元素镉（Cd）和砷（As）的主要途径之一。我们从中国 20 个省份的当地市场收集了 160 份精米样本，并测定了总 Cd 和 As 浓度及 As 形态。总 Cd 浓度范围从检测限以下到 0.77mg/kg，其中 10%的样本超过了中国的限量（0.2mg/kg）。大米中 Cd 浓度呈现出明显的地域分布特征，从北方的低水平到南方的高水平逐渐增加。中国南方从大米中摄入的 Cd 量每天中位数从北方的 0.01μg/kg 体重到南方的 0.61μg/kg 体重不等，占 FAO/WHO 推荐的耐受日摄入量（TDI）的 1%至 73%。从大米中摄入 Cd 量最高的省份是湖南省，为 TDI 的 2 倍。总 As 浓度范围从 0.011 到 0.186mg/kg，其中无机 As（iAs）和二甲基砷酸（DMAs）平均分别占 69%和 31%。所有样本的 iAs 含量均低于中国大米的限量（0.2mg/kg）。大米总 As 浓度没有明显的地域分布模式，但中国东北地区生产的大米含有较高比例的 DMAs 和较低比例的 iAs。本研究强调了南方人群食用大米摄入 Cd 风险较高，并提出了减少大米中 Cd 积累的策略。
