Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Mechanics and Material Mechanics, Poland.
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 10;716:136988. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136988. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
The classification of river catchments according to their hydrological regime is crucial elements of regionalisation. In absence of hydrological data, the regionalisation of catchment method may be used to asses many flows characteristics like regime or design flow and thus provide help in the analysis of hydrological and ecological processes and also in the management of water resources. Correct clarification of catchments requires knowledge about the main factors that influence on river regime, like meteorologic conditions, land cover/land use, geology, soil properties terrain features, human activities. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between selected catchment attributes along with precipitation climatology and seasonality of mean flows (MQ) in the mountainous rivers in the Upper Vistula basin (the biggest and the most important river in Poland) and regionalisation catchments based on seasonality index. To achieve the objective of the study, we concentrated on the mountain stream and river catchments that are regionalised to the Upper Vistula basin (all of which are Vistula tributaries) and we employed the Colwell's seasonality index in an attempt to clear up the said ecohydrological measures. The study confirmed that in mountainous catchments, where response time to rainfall is shorter due to larger slopes, higher seasonality of mean monthly discharges, as expressed by the seasonality index M, is observed. In this case, variability of seasonal rainfall affected seasonality of MQ. In case of smaller slopes and large forest cover and catchment areas, seasonality of flows was lower. The innovative aspect of the presented study is the attempt to correlate the Colwell's seasonality index with the physiographic and meteorological characteristics of the catchment. Until now, the characteristics of the catchments have been used as factors differentiating the hydrological regime of the catchments, thus allowing for agglomeration of similar catchments. Our results foster better understanding of the natural processes in the river basin, which definitely would help in better management of the environment and its relationship with huge number of people living there and depend on it. These results show that the regression tree methods based on CART algorithm can be used as effective tool for classification of catchments.
根据水文状况对河流流域进行分类是区域化的关键要素。在缺乏水文数据的情况下，可以使用流域方法的区域化来评估许多流量特征，如河流状态或设计流量，从而有助于分析水文和生态过程，并有助于水资源管理。正确划分流域需要了解影响河流状态的主要因素，如气象条件、土地覆盖/利用、地质、土壤特性、地形特征、人类活动。本研究的目的是分析选定流域属性与降水气候以及山区河流（波兰最大、最重要的河流）平均流量季节变化（MQ）之间的关系，并基于季节变化指数对流域进行区域化。为了实现研究的目标，我们集中研究了山区溪流和河流流域，这些流域被划分为维斯瓦河流域（均为维斯瓦河的支流），并使用了科尔韦尔的季节变化指数，试图阐明上述生态水文措施。研究证实，在山区流域，由于坡度较大，降雨响应时间较短，因此平均月流量的季节变化（用季节变化指数 M 表示）较大。在这种情况下，季节性降雨的变化影响 MQ 的季节性。在坡度较小、森林覆盖率和流域面积较大的情况下，水流的季节性较低。本研究的创新之处在于尝试将科尔韦尔的季节变化指数与流域的地貌和气象特征相关联。到目前为止，流域特征一直被用作区分流域水文状况的因素，从而允许类似流域的聚集。我们的研究结果增进了对河流流域自然过程的理解，这肯定有助于更好地管理环境及其与居住在那里并依赖它的大量人口的关系。这些结果表明，基于 CART 算法的回归树方法可以作为流域分类的有效工具。
