Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Vitam Horm. 2020;112:243-264. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.016. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
Estrogens are primarily identified as sex hormones that, for a long time, have been known as important regulators of female reproductive physiology. However, our understanding of the role of estrogens has changed over the past years. It is now well accepted that estrogens are also involved in other physiological and pathological processes in both genders. This is due to the fact that estrogen can act both local as well as on a systemic level. Next to its role in reproductive physiology, there is accumulating evidence that estrogen influences multiple systems involved in water homeostasis. This chapter will delineate the regulatory effects of estrogen on the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) found in the renal collecting duct. We will first provide an introduction to estrogen, the estrogen receptors and their role in renal physiology as well as describe the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the kidney. Subsequently, we will focus on how estrogen and SERMs influence water balance and regulate AQP2 expression in principal cells of the collecting duct. Finally, we will describe how estrogen regulates AQP2 functionality in other organ systems.
雌激素主要被认为是性激素，长期以来，它一直被认为是女性生殖生理学的重要调节剂。然而，我们对雌激素作用的认识在过去几年发生了变化。现在人们普遍认为，雌激素也参与了两性的其他生理和病理过程。这是因为雌激素既能在局部发挥作用，也能在全身发挥作用。除了在生殖生理学中的作用外，越来越多的证据表明，雌激素影响参与水稳态的多个系统。本章将描述雌激素对肾脏集合管中发现的水通道 aquaporin-2 (AQP2) 的调节作用。我们将首先介绍雌激素、雌激素受体及其在肾脏生理学中的作用，并描述选择性雌激素受体调节剂 (SERMs) 对肾脏的影响。随后，我们将重点介绍雌激素和 SERMs 如何影响水平衡并调节集合管主细胞中的 AQP2 表达。最后，我们将描述雌激素如何调节其他器官系统中的 AQP2 功能。
