Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Illes Balears University, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain; Laboratory of the Atmosphere, Govern Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07009, Spain.
Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Illes Balears University, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 15;717:137177. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137177. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
The present study discloses the results of a comprehensive 3-years campaign (2010-2012) of air pollution measurements over an regional island background area (Can Llompart-Balearic Islands, Spain), contextualized with other measurements in the western Mediterranean region. Gaseous pollutants and particulate matter fractions were measured in real time; and PM and PM daily samples were obtained regularly from which chemical analyses were performed. Furthermore, during three intensive observation periods, real-time concentrations of particle number, black carbon and ammonia were additionally measured. Our results display particular diurnal and seasonal patterns for certain pollutants such as O and particle number concentration. Our study reveals that concentrations of air pollutants and aerosol chemical composition are rather similar all over the central and western Mediterranean basin. The most abundant chemical components in PM were mineral dust, followed by organic matter, sea spray and SO; in PM organic matter and SO dominated, with significant contribution of mineral dust. Furthermore, a source apportionment Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was conducted. Natural sources exert most of the impact on the coarse-mode fraction, while most of fine-mode aerosols are linked to anthropogenic sources coming from local, regional or long range transport emissions. Prevalence of Atlantic air masses in 2010 had a positive effect in air quality, lowering mineral dust, SO and EC concentrations. On the contrary, the high incidence of African dust and regional recirculation situations during the 2012 warm season favoured an overall PM load increase governed by mineral dust, SO and trace elements associated to dust aerosols. The continuous increase in tourists in the Balearic Islands, and in general all around the Mediterranean, is clearly changing air quality patterns: while urban air pollution has strongly decreased since 2010, such downward trend is less pronounced at the regional scale, thus related to crescent sources such as maritime and air transport.
本研究揭示了为期三年（2010-2012 年）的空气污染测量结果，该测量在一个区域岛屿背景地区（西班牙的 Can Llompart-巴利阿里群岛）进行，并与西地中海地区的其他测量结果进行了对比。实时测量了气态污染物和颗粒物组分；并定期从 PM 和 PM 日样本中获得化学分析。此外，在三个强化观测期间，还额外测量了实时颗粒物数、黑碳和氨的浓度。我们的结果显示，某些污染物（如 O 和颗粒物数浓度）具有特殊的日变化和季节变化模式。我们的研究表明，整个中地中海和西地中海盆地的空气污染物和气溶胶化学成分浓度相当相似。PM 中最丰富的化学成分是矿物粉尘，其次是有机物、海水喷雾和 SO；在 PM 中，有机物和 SO 占主导地位，矿物粉尘的贡献显著。此外，还进行了源分配正矩阵因子化分析。自然源对粗模态分数的影响最大，而大部分细颗粒物气溶胶与来自本地、区域或远程传输排放的人为源有关。2010 年大西洋气团的盛行对空气质量有积极影响，降低了矿物粉尘、SO 和 EC 的浓度。相反，2012 年温暖季节高频率的非洲尘埃和区域回流情况导致整体 PM 负荷增加，主要由矿物粉尘、SO 和与尘埃气溶胶相关的微量元素决定。随着巴利阿里群岛（以及整个地中海地区）游客的持续增加，空气质量模式明显发生了变化：虽然自 010 年以来城市空气污染已大幅减少，但在区域范围内这种下降趋势不太明显，因此与海上和航空运输等新兴源有关。
