Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Illes Balears University, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain; Laboratory of the Atmosphere, Govern Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07009, Spain.
Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Illes Balears University, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 10;747:141187. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141187. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
Wet and dry aerosol deposition samples were collected from September 2010 to August 2012 at a remote background site in the Mallorca Isle (Western Mediterranean). Ions and major and trace elements were determined in soluble and insoluble fractions. Temporal variations of chemical components are discussed and interpreted. The overall pattern associated to long-range-transport air masses is studied: Dry/Wet deposition ratios, charges and composition depend clearly on the meteorological scenario. E.g. Dry/Wet ratio is 1:1 when air comes from North Africa, in contrast to a 1:9 ratio under the mainland Europe influence. Moreover, an innovating source apportionment study was conducted integrating both dry and wet deposition samples. Six sources were revealed, including marine aerosols (32%); two different mineral factors, African dust (15%) and regional dust (12%); two anthropogenic factors, one related to road traffic (8%) and another to regional sources (17%); and a mixed factor having biomass burning emissions and others sources (17%). Temporal variations and influence from long-range-transport air masses are also investigated. Fertilization deposition trends have also been explored, observing nutrients settling, as well as nitrate and sulphate, due to their agricultural interest. An important peak during January-February 2012 is studied in depth. Having in mind the strong impact of African dust on the global deposition budget, the analysis of elemental ratios between key dust components was investigated in order to identify major source areas affecting Western Mediterranean: Western Sahara, Algeria-Hoggar Massif and Tunisia-Libya. Differences among these regions are evident. E.g. the impact of industrial emissions is well-detected under outbreaks from Tunisia-Libya, with relatively high content of Ni and Pb.
湿干气溶胶沉积样本于 2010 年 9 月至 2012 年 8 月在马略卡岛（地中海西部）的偏远背景点收集。在可溶和不可溶部分测定了离子和主要及微量元素。讨论和解释了化学组分的时间变化。研究了与长程传输气团相关的整体模式：干/湿沉积比、电荷和组成明显取决于气象情况。例如，当空气来自北非时，干/湿比为 1:1，而在欧洲大陆影响下，这一比例为 1:9。此外，还进行了一项创新的源分配研究，综合了干沉积和湿沉积样本。揭示了六个来源，包括海洋气溶胶（32%）；两种不同的矿物质因素，非洲尘埃（15%）和区域尘埃（12%）；两个人为因素，一个与道路交通有关（8%），另一个与区域来源有关（17%）；以及一个混合因素，具有生物质燃烧排放和其他来源（17%）。还研究了时间变化和长程传输气团的影响。还探索了施肥沉积趋势，观察到养分沉降，以及硝酸盐和硫酸盐，因为它们具有农业意义。深入研究了 2012 年 1 月至 2 月期间的一个重要峰值。考虑到非洲尘埃对全球沉积预算的强烈影响，分析了关键尘埃成分之间的元素比，以确定影响地中海西部的主要源区：西撒哈拉、阿尔及利亚-霍加尔山脉和突尼斯-利比亚。这些地区之间存在明显差异。例如，突尼斯-利比亚爆发期间，工业排放的影响明显，Ni 和 Pb 的含量相对较高。
