Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Biomark Med. 2020 Feb;14(2):151-163. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0364. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Tears are a known source of biomarkers for both ocular and systemic diseases with particular advantages; specifically, the noninvasiveness of sample collection and a unique and increasingly better-defined protein composition. Here, we discuss our rationale for use of tears for discovery of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). These reasons include literature supporting changes in tear flow and composition in PD, and the interconnections between the ocular surface system and neurons affected in PD. We highlight recent data on the identification of tear biomarkers including oligomeric α-synuclein, associated with neuronal degeneration in PD, in tears of PD patients and discuss possible sources for its release into tears. Challenges and next steps for advancing such biomarkers to clinical usage are highlighted.
眼泪是眼部和全身性疾病生物标志物的已知来源，具有特殊的优势；具体来说，样本采集的非侵入性以及独特且日益明确的蛋白质组成。在这里，我们讨论了我们使用眼泪来发现帕金森病 (PD) 生物标志物的基本原理。这些原因包括支持 PD 中泪液流量和成分变化的文献，以及眼表面系统和 PD 中受影响神经元之间的相互联系。我们强调了最近关于在 PD 患者的泪液中鉴定与 PD 中神经元变性相关的聚合 α-突触核蛋白等泪液生物标志物的研究数据，并讨论了其释放到泪液中的可能来源。突出了将此类生物标志物推向临床应用所面临的挑战和下一步措施。
