The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Am J Med. 2020 Sep;133(9):1082-1087. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.01.020. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the association between consumption of chocolate and measures of adiposity in a large, representative sample of US adults.
Cross-sectional data from 13,626 nondiabetic adults (≥20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study were aggregated using 5 study cycles from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014. Chocolate consumption was determined based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were objectively measured. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of 1) any chocolate consumption (yes/no), and 2) the total amount of chocolate consumption (grams/day, in quartiles) with BMI and waist circumference. Models controlled for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health-related, and dietary covariates.
Overall, 11.1% of the population self-reported any chocolate consumption in either of their 2 24-hour dietary recalls. Adjusted linear regression models showed that individuals who reported any chocolate consumption had 0.92 kg/m (95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.32) lower BMI, and 2.07 cm (95% confidence intervals, 1.22-2.92) lower waist circumference than those who reported no chocolate consumption. In models examining the association of amount of chocolate consumption and weight status, compared with those who did not consume chocolate, lower BMI (P for trend = .003) and waist circumference (P for trend = .001) were observed in the first, second, and third quartiles of total chocolate consumption.
In this representative sample of US adults, chocolate consumption was associated with lower markers of adiposity. Further research using a longitudinal or experimental design is needed to establish the direction of causation.
本研究旨在调查美国成年人大型代表性样本中巧克力消费与肥胖测量指标之间的关联。
汇总了 2005-2006 年至 2013-2014 年期间的 5 个研究周期中参与国家健康和营养检查调查研究的 13626 名非糖尿病成年人（≥20 岁）的横断面数据。巧克力的摄入量是基于 2 份 24 小时饮食记录来确定的。体重指数（BMI）和腰围是通过客观测量得到的。我们使用多变量线性回归来检验 1）任何巧克力的摄入量（有/无），和 2）巧克力总摄入量（克/天，分为四分位数）与 BMI 和腰围之间的关联。模型控制了社会人口统计学、生活方式、健康相关和饮食方面的协变量。
总体而言，11.1%的人群在他们的 2 份 24 小时饮食记录中的任何一份中报告了任何巧克力的摄入量。调整后的线性回归模型显示，与那些没有报告巧克力摄入的人相比，报告任何巧克力摄入的个体的 BMI 低 0.92kg/m（95%置信区间，0.53-1.32），腰围低 2.07cm（95%置信区间，1.22-2.92）。在对巧克力摄入量与体重状况的关联进行模型检验时，与不摄入巧克力的人相比，在总巧克力摄入量的第一、第二和第三四分位数中，BMI（趋势 P 值=0.003）和腰围（趋势 P 值=0.001）均较低。
在这项代表美国成年人的研究中，巧克力的摄入量与较低的肥胖标志物相关。需要采用纵向或实验设计的进一步研究来确定因果关系的方向。
