School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, C2.24 Cavendish Building, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Apr;58(3):1193-1201. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1635-z. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Drinking (plain) water intake has been associated with weight loss and reducing energy intake in intervention trials. In free-living populations, replacing other beverages with drinking water is associated with reduced obesity risk. However, the association of total water intake and its sources, and body fat distribution remain unevaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate total water intake and its sources and the association with anthropometric measures.
Cross-sectional study of 1500 adults aged 18-90 years (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey, 2008-2010). Total water intake and its sources were estimated using food records. Associations of total water, drinking water, beverage moisture and food moisture intakes split by tertile, and BMI (kg/m), waist circumference (cm), and bio-impedance derived body fat (%) were evaluated using covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses including adjustment for energy intake and energy expenditure.
Higher consumption of total water was associated with lower waist circumference [β-coefficient (95% CI), p trend, tertile 3 versus tertile 1: - 2.19 (- 4.06, - 0.32), 0.036], but not BMI [- 0.44 (- 1.16, 0.28), 0.336] or body fat [- 0.87 (- 1.91, 0.17), 0.146]. Higher consumption of drinking water and food moisture were associated with lower BMI [- 0.65 (- 1.30, - 0.01), 0.027; - 0.64 (- 1.41, - 0.13), 0.014, respectively], body fat [- 1.51 (- 2.43, - 0.59), 0.001; - 1.00 (- 2.12, - 0.12), 0.001], and waist circumference [- 2.83 (- 4.51, - 1.16), < 0.001; - 1.84 (- 3.86, - 0.19), 0.082]. Beverage moisture was not associated with any of the anthropometric measurements.
Consumption of drinking water and food moisture and not total water or beverage moisture were inversely associated with adiposity, independent of energy intake and expenditure. Advice encouraging drinking water and food moisture intake may be beneficial in addition to energy balance advice, in combating obesity.
在干预试验中，饮用水摄入与体重减轻和能量摄入减少有关。在自由生活人群中，用饮用水代替其他饮料与肥胖风险降低有关。然而，总水摄入量及其来源与体脂肪分布之间的关系仍未得到评估。因此，本研究旨在调查总水摄入量及其来源与人体测量指标的关系。
对 1500 名 18-90 岁成年人（爱尔兰国家成人营养调查，2008-2010 年）进行横断面研究。使用食物记录估计总水摄入量及其来源。使用协方差调整线性回归分析评估总水、饮用水、饮料水分和食物水分摄入量按三分位数划分的情况，并按 BMI（kg/m）、腰围（cm）和生物电阻抗衍生体脂肪（%）进行评估，包括对能量摄入和能量消耗进行调整。
总水摄入量较高与腰围较小有关[β系数（95%CI），p 趋势，三分位数 3 与三分位数 1：-2.19（-4.06，-0.32），0.036]，但与 BMI[-0.44（-1.16，0.28），0.336]或体脂肪[-0.87（-1.91，0.17），0.146]无关。较高的饮用水和食物水分摄入与 BMI 较低有关[-0.65（-1.30，-0.01），0.027；-0.64（-1.41，-0.13），0.014]，体脂肪[-1.51（-2.43，-0.59），0.001；-1.00（-2.12，-0.12），0.001]和腰围[-2.83（-4.51，-1.16），<0.001；-1.84（-3.86，-0.19），0.082]。饮料水分与任何人体测量指标均无关。
饮用水和食物水分的消耗与肥胖呈负相关，而总水或饮料水分的消耗则不然，这与能量摄入和消耗无关。除了能量平衡建议外，鼓励饮用水和食物水分摄入的建议可能有助于对抗肥胖。
