Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2020 May;205:105398. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105398. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide; the area of endemic transmission has been increasing due to several factors linked to globalization, urban sprawl, and climate change. The Aedes aegypti mosquito plays a central role in the dissemination of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and urban yellow fever. Current preventive measures include mosquito control programs; however, identifying high-risk areas for mosquito infestation over a large geographic region based only on field surveys is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the potential of remote satellite images (WorldView) for determining land features associated with Ae. aegypti adult infestations in São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil. We used data from 60 adult mosquito traps distributed along four summers; the remote sensing images were classified by land cover types using a supervised classification method. We modeled the number of Ae. aegypti using a Poisson probability distribution with a geostatistical approach. The models were constructed in a Bayesian context using the Integrated nested Laplace Approximations and Stochastic Partial Differential Equation method. We showed that an infestation of Ae. aegypti adult mosquitoes was positively associated with the presence of asbestos roofing and roof slabs. This may be related to several other factors, such as socioeconomic or environmental factors. The usage of asbestos roofing may be more prevalent in socioeconomically poor areas, while roof slabs may retain rainwater and contribute to the generation of temporary mosquito breeding sites. Although preliminary, our results demonstrate the utility of satellite remote sensing in identifying landscape differences in urban environments using a geostatistical approach, and indicated directions for future research. Further analyses including other variables, such as land surface temperature, may reveal more complex relationships between urban mosquito micro-habitats and land cover features.
蚊媒传染病影响着全球数百万人；由于与全球化、城市扩张和气候变化相关的几个因素，地方性传播的区域不断扩大。埃及伊蚊在登革热、寨卡、基孔肯雅热和城市型黄热病的传播中起着核心作用。目前的预防措施包括蚊虫控制计划；然而，仅基于实地调查来确定大面积地理区域内蚊虫滋生的高风险区域，既费力又费时。因此，本研究旨在评估远程卫星图像（WorldView）在确定与巴西圣若泽-里波雷托/SP 地区埃及伊蚊成虫滋生有关的土地特征方面的潜力。我们使用了 60 个成年蚊子诱捕器的数据，这些诱捕器分布在四个夏季；使用监督分类方法对遥感图像进行土地覆盖类型分类。我们使用泊松概率分布和地质统计学方法来模拟埃及伊蚊的数量。模型是在贝叶斯框架中使用集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似和随机偏微分方程方法构建的。我们表明，埃及伊蚊成蚊的滋生与石棉屋顶和屋顶板的存在呈正相关。这可能与社会经济或环境等其他因素有关。石棉屋顶的使用可能在社会经济较差的地区更为普遍，而屋顶板可能会保留雨水，并有助于产生临时蚊子滋生地。尽管初步的，但我们的结果表明，卫星遥感在使用地质统计学方法识别城市环境中的景观差异方面具有实用性，并为未来的研究指明了方向。进一步的分析包括其他变量，如地表温度，可能会揭示城市蚊子微生境与土地覆盖特征之间更复杂的关系。
