Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Subst Use Misuse. 2020;55(7):1059-1067. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1726392. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Nowadays, doping is not confined to elite sport, it is also spread throughout gymnasia and fitness centers, and it is seen as a public health concern. Studies focusing on performance-enhancing substances (PES) use among gym users are few and mostly concern the practice of bodybuilding and the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), without providing information about social indicators to further explore why this specific population use these substances. To investigate the extent of PES use and examine the way social indicators, exercise profile and gym modalities influence the use of these substances among a sample of gym users. Cross-sectional descriptive study, among a convenience sample of 453 Portuguese gym users, recruited directly by five institutional gyms´ email and Facebook. Data were collected a structured web-based survey, between October and November 2017. Multiple binary logistic regression, the Chi-Square test or Monte Carlo Simulation or Fisher's Exact test were used. The odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. 11,1% of gym users reported the use of prohibited PES, which varies significantly according to gender, education, exercise profile and type of practice. Gender was associated with the class of PES used. Polypharmacy was a common practice among users, increasing the risk of side-effects. Peer effect and media appear to be strikingly important in the misuse of PES. Results provide precise insight into the specific factors associated with PES use, which could support prevention strategies in gym/fitness context.
如今，兴奋剂滥用不仅局限于精英体育领域，还在健身房和健身中心广泛存在，并被视为公共健康问题。针对健身房使用者使用增强表现类物质（PES）的研究很少，而且大多集中在健美运动和使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）方面，没有提供有关社会指标的信息，以进一步探讨为什么这一特定人群使用这些物质。本研究旨在调查 PES 使用的程度，并研究社会指标、运动概况和健身房模式如何影响样本中健身房使用者使用这些物质的方式。这是一项横断面描述性研究，研究对象为便利样本中的 453 名葡萄牙健身房使用者，直接通过五家机构健身房的电子邮件和 Facebook 招募。数据收集于 2017 年 10 月至 11 月期间进行的一项基于网络的结构化调查。研究使用了多项二项逻辑回归、卡方检验或蒙特卡罗模拟或 Fisher 精确检验。计算了比值比及其相应的 95%置信区间。11.1%的健身房使用者报告使用了禁用的 PES，这与性别、教育程度、运动概况和锻炼类型显著相关。性别与使用的 PES 类别相关。多药治疗是使用者的常见做法，增加了副作用的风险。同伴效应和媒体在 PES 的滥用中似乎非常重要。研究结果提供了对与 PES 使用相关的具体因素的精确了解，这可以为健身房/健身环境中的预防策略提供支持。
