Tavares Ana Sofia R, Rosado António Fernando, Marôco João, Calmeiro Luis, Serpa Sidonio
Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 14;10:2881. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02881. eCollection 2019.
The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the intentions to use prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) and to test the Theory of Planned Behavior's usefulness in predicting self-reported PES use in both genders. A convenience sample of Portuguese gym users ( = 453) completed an anonymous web-based survey. Structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and -test with the Welch correction for heterokedastic variances were used. At the structural level, results support attitudes, beliefs, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to PES use in gym users, with subjective norms being its strongest predictor. Moreover, results showed a significant association between self-reported PES use and intentions to use. The predictive model was invariant across genders; however, compared to males, females believed less in the performance-enhancing effects of PES, were less prone to the influence of significant others, and had weaker intentions to use these substances. Psychological strategies should be based on subjective norms, alongside beliefs and attitudes, toward PES use as these variables influence the intention to use PES in this particular population.
本研究的目的是考察使用违禁性能增强物质（PES）意图的决定因素，并检验计划行为理论在预测男女自我报告的PES使用情况方面的有效性。对葡萄牙健身房使用者进行便利抽样（n = 453），他们完成了一项基于网络的匿名调查。使用了结构方程建模、多组分析以及采用韦尔奇校正的异方差t检验。在结构层面，结果支持态度、信念和主观规范在预测健身房使用者使用PES意图方面的作用，其中主观规范是最强的预测因素。此外，结果显示自我报告的PES使用情况与使用意图之间存在显著关联。预测模型在不同性别间具有不变性；然而，与男性相比，女性对PES的性能增强效果的信任度较低，较不易受重要他人的影响，且使用这些物质的意图较弱。心理策略应基于对使用PES的主观规范，以及信念和态度，因为这些变量会影响这一特定人群使用PES的意图。
