School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 120, University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Int Breastfeed J. 2020 Feb 18;15(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13006-020-00255-2.
Timely initiation of breastfeeding or breastfeeding within 60 min of birth has been shown to be associated with significantly lower risk of infant mortality. The World Health Organization recommends starting breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, yet many women in sub-Saharan Africa do not observe this recommendation. To date, there is limited evidence of timely initiation of breastfeeding for Zimbabwe. Therefore, we undertook this study with the aim of calculating the trend in timely initiation of breastfeeding and to explore the correlates.
We used five rounds of Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data conducted between 1999 and 2015. Participants were 15,923 mothers currently breastfeeding or who had a childbirth within five years preceding the surveys. Outcome variable was self-reported timing of timely breastfeeding for singleton births which was categorized as early (< 60 min), late (≥ 60 min to < 2 4 h) and very late (≥ 24 h).
Prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding was 60.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 57.44, 63.02) in 1999, 66.9% (95% CI 64.32, 69.4) in 2006, 65.8% (95% CI 63.7, 67.8) in 2011 and 58.3% (95% CI 56.3, 60.4) in 2015. It increased by 27 and 22% in 2006 and 2011 compared with that of the 1999 level respectively. We found no socio-economic and gender-based differentials in the prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding. Compared with women aged 15-19 years old, women 25-29 and 30-34 years old had higher odds of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding. The odds of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding among Muslim women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.07, 1.36) was 20% higher when compared with Christian mothers. Women who wanted to have their last child later (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81, 0.97) had 11% lower odd of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding when compared with women who wanted children then.
The prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Zimbabwe was 58.3% in 2015, well over the 50% target recommended by WHO for all countries to attain by 2025.
研究表明，及时开始母乳喂养或在出生后 60 分钟内进行母乳喂养与婴儿死亡率显著降低有关。世界卫生组织建议在出生后第一个小时内开始母乳喂养，但撒哈拉以南非洲的许多女性并未遵守这一建议。迄今为止，津巴布韦在及时开始母乳喂养方面的证据有限。因此，我们进行了这项研究，旨在计算及时开始母乳喂养的趋势，并探讨其相关因素。
我们使用了 1999 年至 2015 年期间进行的五次津巴布韦人口与健康调查数据。参与者为 15923 名正在母乳喂养或在调查前五年内分娩过的母亲。因变量为自我报告的单胎出生时及时母乳喂养的时间，分为早期（<60 分钟）、晚期（≥60 分钟至<24 小时）和非常晚期（≥24 小时）。
1999 年及时开始母乳喂养的比例为 60.3%（95%置信区间[CI]57.44,63.02），2006 年为 66.9%（95% CI 64.32,69.4），2011 年为 65.8%（95% CI 63.7,67.8），2015 年为 58.3%（95% CI 56.3,60.4）。与 1999 年相比，2006 年和 2011 年分别增加了 27%和 22%。我们没有发现及时开始母乳喂养的比例在社会经济和性别方面存在差异。与 15-19 岁的女性相比，25-29 岁和 30-34 岁的女性更有可能及时开始母乳喂养。与基督教母亲相比，穆斯林妇女（调整后的优势比[aOR]1.2，95%置信区间[CI]1.07,1.36）及时开始母乳喂养的几率要高 20%。与希望当时生育孩子的女性相比，希望晚些时候生育最后一个孩子的女性（aOR 0.89，95% CI 0.81,0.97）及时开始母乳喂养的几率要低 11%。
2015 年，津巴布韦及时开始母乳喂养的比例为 58.3%，远高于世卫组织到 2025 年为所有国家设定的 50%目标。
