Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Surg Endosc. 2021 Feb;35(2):779-786. doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-07447-1. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Operating room (OR) fires are uncommon but disastrous events. Inappropriate handling of OR fires can result in injuries, even death. Aiming to simulate OR fire emergencies and effectively train clinicians to react appropriately, we have developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based OR fire virtual trainer based on the principle of the "fire triangle" and SAGES FUSE curriculum. The simulator can predict the user's actions in the virtual OR and provide them with timely feedback to assist with training. We conducted a study investigating the validity of the AI-assisted OR fire trainer at the 2019 SAGES Learning Center.
Fifty-three participants with varying medical experience were voluntarily recruited to participate in our Institutional Review Board approved study. All participants were asked to contain a fire within the virtual OR. Participants were then asked to fill out a 7-point Likert questionnaire consisting of ten questions regarding the face validation of the AI-assisted OR fire simulator. Shapiro-Wilk tests were conducted to test normality of the scores for each trial. A Friedman's ANOVA with post hoc tests was used to evaluate the effect of multiple trials on performance.
On a 7-point scale, eight of the ten questions were rated a mean of 6 or greater (72.73%), especially those relating to the usefulness of the simulator for OR fire-containing training. 79.25% of the participants rated the degree of usefulness of AI guidance over 6 out of 7. The performance of individuals improved significantly over the five trials, χ(4) = 119.89, p < .001, and there was a significant linear trend of performance r = .97, p = 0.006. A pairwise analysis showed that only after the introduction of AI did performance improve significantly.
The AI-guided OR fire trainer offers the potential to assess OR personnel and teach the proper response to an iatrogenic fire scenario in a safe, repeatable, immersive environment.
手术室（OR）火灾并不常见，但后果却很严重。如果处理不当，可能会导致人员受伤，甚至死亡。为了模拟 OR 火灾紧急情况，并有效地培训临床医生做出适当反应，我们基于“火灾三角”原理和 SAGES FUSE 课程，开发了一种人工智能（AI）辅助的 OR 火灾虚拟培训器。该模拟器可以预测用户在虚拟 OR 中的操作，并提供及时反馈，以协助培训。我们在 2019 年 SAGES 学习中心进行了一项研究，调查了 AI 辅助 OR 火灾培训器的有效性。
53 名具有不同医学经验的参与者自愿参加了我们经机构审查委员会批准的研究。所有参与者都被要求在虚拟 OR 中扑灭一场火灾。然后，参与者被要求填写一份由十个问题组成的 7 点李克特量表，内容涉及对 AI 辅助 OR 火灾模拟器的外观验证。对每个试验的分数进行 Shapiro-Wilk 检验以检验正态性。使用 Friedman 的 ANOVA 检验和事后检验评估多次试验对表现的影响。
在 7 分制中，十个问题中的八个问题的平均评分在 6 分或以上（72.73%），特别是与使用模拟器进行 OR 火灾扑灭训练相关的问题。79.25%的参与者对 AI 指导的有用程度评分在 7 分中的 6 分以上。在五个试验中，个体的表现明显提高，χ(4) = 119.89，p < .001，且表现呈显著线性趋势，r = .97，p = 0.006。成对分析显示，只有在引入 AI 后，表现才显著提高。
AI 引导的 OR 火灾培训器具有评估 OR 人员并在安全、可重复、沉浸式环境中教授正确应对医源性火灾场景的潜力。
