INRA, UMR385, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, CEDEX 05, 34398 Montpellier, France.
Viruses. 2020 Feb 14;12(2):216. doi: 10.3390/v12020216.
Plants regularly encounter abiotic constraints, and plant response to stress has been a focus of research for decades. Given increasing global temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO levels and the occurrence of water stress episodes driven by climate change, plant biochemistry, in particular, plant defence responses, may be altered significantly. Environmental factors also have a wider impact, shaping viral transmission processes that rely on a complex set of interactions between, at least, the pathogen, the vector, and the host plant. This review considers how abiotic stresses influence the transmission and spread of plant viruses by aphid vectors, mainly through changes in host physiology status, and summarizes the latest findings in this research field. The direct effects of climate change and severe weather events that impact the feeding behaviour of insect vectors as well as the major traits (e.g., within-host accumulation, disease severity and transmission) of viral plant pathogens are discussed. Finally, the intrinsic capacity of viruses to react to environmental cues and how this may influence viral transmission efficiency is summarized. The clear interaction between biotic (virus) and abiotic stresses is a risk that must be accounted for when modelling virus epidemiology under scenarios of climate change.
植物经常会遇到非生物胁迫，因此植物对胁迫的反应一直是研究的重点。考虑到全球气温升高、大气 CO2 水平升高以及气候变化引起的水分胁迫事件的发生，植物生物化学，特别是植物防御反应，可能会发生显著变化。环境因素也会产生更广泛的影响，影响病毒传播过程，而这些过程依赖于病原体、媒介和宿主植物之间至少一套复杂的相互作用。本文综述了非生物胁迫如何通过蚜虫媒介影响植物病毒的传播和扩散，主要是通过改变宿主的生理状态，并总结了该研究领域的最新发现。讨论了气候变化和恶劣天气事件对昆虫媒介取食行为的直接影响，以及病毒植物病原体的主要特征（例如，体内积累、疾病严重程度和传播）。最后，总结了病毒对环境信号作出反应的固有能力，以及这如何影响病毒的传播效率。在气候变化情景下，对病毒流行学进行建模时，必须考虑到生物（病毒）和非生物胁迫之间的明显相互作用。
