Outpatient Treatment Department of Bipolar Disorders, PsyQ Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2020 Sep;59(3):277-289. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12246. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Studies in children of patients affected with bipolar disorder (BD; bipolar offspring) are at high risk to develop mood disorders. Our aim is to investigate how environmental factors such as childhood trauma and family functioning relate to the development of mood disorders in offspring at familial risk for BD.
The current study is part of a longitudinal prospective cohort study among offspring of parents with BD.
The current study is part of the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study among adolescent offspring of a parent with BD. Bipolar offspring were psychiatrically evaluated at baseline and at 1-, 5-, and 12-year follow-up. Complete follow-up data over de 12-year follow-up were available for 102 offspring. Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and filled out by the offspring. Family functioning was reported by the mother with the 130-item Questionnaire for Family Problems (QFP).
Emotional maltreatment was significantly associated (HR = 1.82, CI 1.18-2.82, p = .007) with mood disorder onset in bipolar offspring. No association was found with the family functioning total score (HR = 1.04, CI 0.94-15, p = .085) nor its subscales.
The current study suggests that emotional maltreatment is associated with mood disorder development in bipolar offspring. Remarkably, the association of offspring-reported emotional maltreatment and mood disorder onset was not reflected in parent-reported family functioning (e.g., support and communication, openness or involvement). Possible explanations are discussed and warrant further study.
Offspring of bipolar patients are at increased risk of developing mood disorders across the life-time. Emotional trauma contributes to the likelihood of developing mood disorders in bipolar offspring. In the daily treatment of bipolar patients having children, attention should be given to parental style and difficulties. Further research using multiple informant methods on childhood trauma an family functioning is needed to further disentangle the effects of these variables on the onset of psychopathology in bipolar offspring.
患有双相障碍（BD）的患者的子女（双相障碍后代）发生心境障碍的风险较高。我们的目的是研究儿童时期的创伤和家庭功能等环境因素如何与双相障碍家族风险后代的心境障碍的发展相关。
本研究是一项针对双相障碍父母后代的纵向前瞻性队列研究的一部分。
本研究是荷兰双相障碍后代研究的一部分，这是一项针对双相障碍父母的青少年后代的正在进行的前瞻性队列研究。双相障碍后代在基线和 1、5 和 12 年随访时进行了精神病学评估。在 12 年的随访中，有 102 名后代提供了完整的随访数据。童年创伤采用童年创伤问卷（CTQ）进行评估，由后代填写。家庭功能由母亲用 130 项家庭问题问卷（QFP）报告。
情感虐待与双相障碍后代心境障碍发病显著相关（HR=1.82，95%CI 1.18-2.82，p=0.007）。与家庭功能总分（HR=1.04，95%CI 0.94-15，p=0.085）及其子量表均无关联。
本研究表明，情感虐待与双相障碍后代心境障碍的发展有关。值得注意的是，后代报告的情感虐待与心境障碍发病之间的关联在父母报告的家庭功能（例如，支持和沟通、开放性或参与性）中并未反映出来。讨论了可能的解释，并需要进一步研究。
双相障碍患者的子女在一生中患心境障碍的风险增加。情感创伤会增加双相障碍后代发生心境障碍的可能性。在治疗患有双相障碍的患者时，应关注其父母的养育方式和困难。需要使用多信息源方法进一步研究童年创伤和家庭功能，以进一步阐明这些变量对双相障碍后代发病的影响。
