The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
Neuron. 2020 Feb 19;105(4):604-620. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.039.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability. Advanced technological solutions ("neurotechnologies") exploiting robotic systems and electrodes that stimulate the nervous system can increase the efficacy of stroke rehabilitation. Recent studies on these approaches have shown promising results. However, a paradigm shift in the development of new approaches must be made to significantly improve the clinical outcomes of neurotechnologies compared with those of traditional therapies. An "evolutionary" change can occur only by understanding in great detail the basic mechanisms of natural stroke recovery and technology-assisted neurorehabilitation. In this review, we first describe the results achieved by existing neurotechnologies and highlight their current limitations. In parallel, we summarize the data available on the mechanisms of recovery from electrophysiological, behavioral, and anatomical studies in humans and rodent models. Finally, we propose new approaches for the effective use of neurotechnologies in stroke survivors, as well as in people with other neurological disorders.
中风是导致长期残疾的主要原因之一。利用机器人系统和刺激神经系统的电极的先进技术解决方案（“神经技术”）可以提高中风康复的效果。最近对这些方法的研究显示出了有希望的结果。然而，为了使神经技术的临床效果与传统疗法相比有显著改善，必须对新方法的开发进行范式转变。只有通过详细了解自然中风恢复和技术辅助神经康复的基本机制，才能发生“进化”式的改变。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了现有神经技术所取得的成果，并强调了它们目前的局限性。同时，我们总结了人类和啮齿动物模型中从电生理、行为和解剖学研究中恢复的机制的现有数据。最后，我们提出了在中风幸存者以及其他神经障碍患者中有效使用神经技术的新方法。
