Kumar Sanath, Lekshmi Manjusha, Parvathi Ammini, Ojha Manisha, Wenzel Nicholas, Varela Manuel F
Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Seven Bungalows, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400016, India.
CSIR-National Institute Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682018, India.
Microorganisms. 2020 Feb 16;8(2):266. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020266.
Pathogenic microorganisms that are multidrug-resistant can pose severe clinical and public health concerns. In particular, bacterial multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily constitute a notable group of drug resistance mechanisms primarily because multidrug-resistant pathogens can become refractory to antimicrobial agents, thus resulting in potentially untreatable bacterial infections. The major facilitator superfamily is composed of thousands of solute transporters that are related in terms of their phylogenetic relationships, primary amino acid sequences, two- and three-dimensional structures, modes of energization (passive and secondary active), and in their mechanisms of solute and ion translocation across the membrane. The major facilitator superfamily is also composed of numerous families and sub-families of homologous transporters that are conserved across all living taxa, from bacteria to humans. Members of this superfamily share several classes of highly conserved amino acid sequence motifs that play essential mechanistic roles during transport. The structural and functional importance of multidrug efflux pumps that belong to the major facilitator family and that are harbored by Gram-negative and -positive bacterial pathogens are considered here.
具有多重耐药性的致病微生物会引发严重的临床和公共卫生问题。特别是，主要转运子超家族的细菌多重耐药外排转运蛋白构成了一组显著的耐药机制，主要是因为多重耐药病原体可能对抗菌药物产生耐药性，从而导致潜在的无法治疗的细菌感染。主要转运子超家族由数千种溶质转运蛋白组成，它们在系统发育关系、一级氨基酸序列、二维和三维结构、能量供应模式（被动和次级主动）以及溶质和离子跨膜转运机制方面存在关联。主要转运子超家族还由众多同源转运蛋白家族和亚家族组成，这些家族在从细菌到人类的所有生物分类群中都是保守的。这个超家族的成员共享几类高度保守的氨基酸序列基序，这些基序在转运过程中发挥着重要的机制作用。本文将探讨属于主要转运子家族、存在于革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌病原体中的多重耐药外排泵的结构和功能重要性。
