Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois.
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl. 2020 Mar(19):42-56. doi: 10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.42.
This article provides a systematic review of cross-sectional research examining associations between exposure to alcohol marketing and alcohol use behaviors among adolescents and young adults.
Literature searches of eight electronic databases were carried out in February 2017. Searches were not limited by date, language, country, or peer-review status. After abstract and full-text screening for eligibility and study quality, 38 studies that examined the relationship between alcohol marketing and alcohol use behaviors were selected for inclusion.
Across alcohol use outcomes, various types of marketing exposure, and different media sources, our findings suggest that cross-sectional evidence indicating a positive relationship between alcohol marketing exposure and alcohol use behaviors among adolescents and young adults was greater than negative or null evidence. In other words, cross-sectional evidence supported that alcohol marketing exposure was associated with young peoples' alcohol use behaviors. In general, relationships for alcohol promotion (e.g., alcohol-sponsored events) and owning alcohol-related merchandise exposures were more consistently positive than for other advertising exposures. These positive associations were observed across the past four decades, in countries across continents, and with small and large samples.
Despite issues of measurement and construct clarity within this body of literature, this review suggests that exposure to alcohol industry marketing may be important for understanding and reducing young peoples' alcohol use behavior. Future policies aimed at regulating alcohol marketing to a greater extent may have important short- and long-term public health implications for reducing underage or problematic alcohol use among youth.
本文对横断面研究进行了系统回顾，这些研究考察了青少年和年轻成年人接触酒精营销与饮酒行为之间的关联。
2017 年 2 月对 8 个电子数据库进行了文献检索。检索未对日期、语言、国家或同行评审状态进行限制。在对合格性和研究质量进行了摘要和全文筛选后，选择了 38 项研究纳入本研究，这些研究考察了酒精营销与饮酒行为之间的关系。
在各种饮酒结果、各种类型的营销接触和不同的媒体来源方面，我们的研究结果表明，横断面研究证据表明，青少年和年轻成年人接触酒精营销与饮酒行为之间存在正相关关系，这一证据强于负相关或无相关证据。换句话说，横断面研究证据表明，酒精营销接触与年轻人的饮酒行为有关。一般来说，酒精促销（例如，酒类赞助活动）和拥有与酒精相关的商品接触的关系比其他广告接触的关系更一致是积极的。这些积极的关联在过去的四十年中，在各大洲的不同国家，以及小样本和大样本中都有观察到。
尽管在这一文献中有关于测量和构建清晰度的问题，但本次综述表明，接触酒精行业营销可能对理解和减少年轻人的饮酒行为很重要。未来更严格地监管酒精营销的政策可能对减少年轻人的未成年或问题饮酒行为具有重要的短期和长期公共卫生意义。
