Ojemann G A, Creutzfeldt O, Lettich E, Haglund M M
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Brain. 1988 Dec;111 ( Pt 6):1383-403. doi: 10.1093/brain/111.6.1383.
Extracellular microelectrode recordings were obtained from lateral temporal cortex that was subsequently resected in patients undergoing craniotomies under local anaesthesia for treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. During these recordings patients performed visually presented measures of overt and silent naming and word reading, short-term verbal memory and a control task requiring matching of angles. These measures were designed so that the same visual stimuli elicited language, short-term memory or spatial responses. Statistically significant changes within and between these various measures were identified. Technically satisfactory recordings were obtained from 17 populations reflecting activity predominantly from 1 neuron, in 13 patients. Two populations demonstrated no significant changes in any measured functions. Only 1 population showed changes suggesting a relation to visual perception. Four populations in or adjacent to the superior temporal gyrus altered activity with overt speech. Four other populations in the anterior temporal lobe altered activity during silent, but not overt speech. Some relation to language or memory was established for 13 of the 17 populations: 1 altered activity during reading alone, 6 during memory alone, and 6 to both. Most of the recording sites showing these language and memory changes were not essential for those functions based on surface electrical stimulation mapping. Thus the area of temporal lobe that participates in language and memory, as indicated by changes in neuronal activity, is substantially larger than the areas essential for those functions as determined by stimulation mapping. Within that participatory area, changes related to language were most often an increase in activity sustained throughout the task, a pattern suggestive of mechanisms of selective attention. Changes related to memory most often included a sustained increase in activity at the time of entry of information into memory, and again at retrieval, with decreased activity during the time the memory was stored. A few neuronal populations demonstrated relative inhibition of activity during the memory task, compared with control measures.
在接受局部麻醉下开颅手术治疗药物难治性癫痫的患者中，从随后被切除的颞叶外侧皮质获取细胞外微电极记录。在这些记录过程中，患者执行视觉呈现的显性和隐性命名、单词阅读、短期言语记忆以及一项需要匹配角度的对照任务。设计这些测量方法是为了使相同的视觉刺激引发语言、短期记忆或空间反应。确定了这些不同测量方法内部和之间的统计学显著变化。在13名患者中，从17个主要反映单个神经元活动的群体中获得了技术上令人满意的记录。两个群体在任何测量功能中均未显示出显著变化。只有一个群体显示出与视觉感知相关的变化。颞上回或其附近的四个群体在显性言语期间活动发生改变。颞叶前部的另外四个群体在隐性言语而非显性言语期间活动发生改变。在17个群体中的13个群体中建立了与语言或记忆的某种关系：1个群体仅在阅读期间活动发生改变，6个群体仅在记忆期间活动发生改变，6个群体在阅读和记忆期间活动均发生改变。基于表面电刺激映射，大多数显示这些语言和记忆变化的记录部位对于这些功能并非必不可少。因此，由神经元活动变化所表明的参与语言和记忆的颞叶区域，比由刺激映射确定的对这些功能必不可少的区域要大得多。在该参与区域内，与语言相关的变化最常见的是在整个任务过程中活动持续增加，这种模式提示了选择性注意机制。与记忆相关的变化最常见的包括在信息进入记忆时以及再次检索时活动持续增加，而在记忆存储期间活动减少。与对照测量相比，少数神经元群体在记忆任务期间表现出相对的活动抑制。
