Di Giovanni Deborah, Lepetit David, Guinet Benjamin, Bennetot Bastien, Boulesteix Matthieu, Couté Yohann, Bouchez Olivier, Ravallec Marc, Varaldi Julien
Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France.
Ecologie Systématique & Evolution (UMR 8079), Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
Mol Biol Evol. 2020 Oct 1;37(10):2791-2807. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaa030.
Some species of parasitic wasps have domesticated viral machineries to deliver immunosuppressive factors to their hosts. Up to now, all described cases fall into the Ichneumonoidea superfamily, which only represents around 10% of hymenoptera diversity, raising the question of whether such domestication occurred outside this clade. Furthermore, the biology of the ancestral donor viruses is completely unknown. Since the 1980s, we know that Drosophila parasitoids belonging to the Leptopilina genus, which diverged from the Ichneumonoidea superfamily 225 Ma, do produce immunosuppressive virus-like structure in their reproductive apparatus. However, the viral origin of these structures has been the subject of debate. In this article, we provide genomic and experimental evidence that those structures do derive from an ancestral virus endogenization event. Interestingly, its close relatives induce a behavior manipulation in present-day wasps. Thus, we conclude that virus domestication is more prevalent than previously thought and that behavior manipulation may have been instrumental in the birth of such associations.
一些寄生蜂物种已经驯化了病毒机制，以便将免疫抑制因子传递给它们的宿主。到目前为止，所有已描述的案例都属于姬蜂总科，而姬蜂总科仅占膜翅目多样性的约10%，这就引发了一个问题，即这种驯化是否发生在这个进化枝之外。此外，原始供体病毒的生物学特性完全未知。自20世纪80年代以来，我们知道属于细蜂属的果蝇寄生蜂，它们在2.25亿年前与姬蜂总科分化，确实在其生殖器官中产生免疫抑制病毒样结构。然而，这些结构的病毒起源一直是争论的焦点。在本文中，我们提供了基因组和实验证据，证明这些结构确实源自一次祖传病毒内源性事件。有趣的是，它的近亲在当今的黄蜂中会引发行为操纵。因此，我们得出结论，病毒驯化比以前认为的更为普遍，并且行为操纵可能在这种共生关系的诞生中起到了重要作用。
