Guinet Benjamin, Vogel Jonathan, Kacem Haddj El Mrabet Nabila, Peters Ralph S, Hrcek Jan, Buffington Mattew L, Varaldi Julien
Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne F-69622, France.
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Proc Biol Sci. 2025 Jan;292(2039):20242135. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2135. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
Over the course of evolution, hymenopteran parasitoids have developed a close relationship with heritable viruses, sometimes integrating viral genes into their chromosomes. For example, in parasitoids belonging to the genus, 13 viral genes from the family have been domesticated to deliver immunosuppressive factors to host immune cells, thereby protecting parasitoid offspring from the host immune response. The present study aims to comprehensively characterize this domestication event in terms of the viral genes involved, the wasp diversity affected by this event and its chronology. Our genomic analysis of 41 Cynipoidea wasps from six subfamilies revealed 18 viral genes that were endogenized during the early radiation of the Eucoilini/Trichoplastini clade around 75 million years ago. Wasps from this highly diverse clade develop not only from but also from a variety of Schizophora. This event coincides with the radiation of Schizophora, a highly speciose Diptera clade, suggesting that viral domestication facilitated wasp diversification in response to host diversification. Additionally, in one of the species, at least one viral gene was replaced by another gene derived from a related filamentovirus. This study highlights the impact of viral domestication on the diversification of parasitoid wasps.
在进化过程中，膜翅目寄生蜂与可遗传病毒建立了密切关系，有时会将病毒基因整合到它们的染色体中。例如，在属于该属的寄生蜂中，来自该科的13个病毒基因已被驯化，用于向宿主免疫细胞传递免疫抑制因子，从而保护寄生蜂后代免受宿主免疫反应的影响。本研究旨在从涉及的病毒基因、受此事件影响的黄蜂多样性及其时间顺序等方面全面描述这一驯化事件。我们对来自六个亚科的41种瘿蜂科黄蜂的基因组分析显示，在大约7500万年前的真曲腹瘿蜂/毛曲腹瘿蜂进化枝早期辐射期间，有18个病毒基因被内源性化。来自这个高度多样化进化枝的黄蜂不仅从……发育而来，也从各种裂翅目蝇类发育而来。这一事件与高度物种丰富的双翅目进化枝裂翅目的辐射同时发生，表明病毒驯化促进了寄生蜂对宿主多样化的适应性分化。此外，在其中一个物种中，至少一个病毒基因被另一个来自相关丝状病毒的基因所取代。这项研究突出了病毒驯化对寄生蜂多样化的影响。
