Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.
Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Jan 31;10:25. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00025. eCollection 2020.
Glycosomes are peroxisome-related organelles that have been identified in kinetoplastids and diplonemids. The hallmark of glycosomes is their harboring of the majority of the glycolytic enzymes. Our biochemical studies and proteome analysis of glycosomes have located, in addition to enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, enzymes of several other metabolic processes in the organelles. These analyses revealed many aspects in common with glycosomes from other trypanosomatids as well as features that seem specific for . Their enzyme content indicates that glycosomes are multifunctional organelles, involved in both several catabolic processes such as glycolysis and anabolic ones. Specifically discussed in this minireview are the cross-talk between glycosomal metabolism and metabolic processes occurring in other cell compartments, and the importance of metabolite translocation systems in the glycosomal membrane to enable the coordination between the spatially separated processes. Possible mechanisms for metabolite translocation across the membrane are suggested by proteins identified in the organelle's membrane-homologs of the ABC and MCF transporter families-and the presence of channels as inferred previously from the detection of channel-forming proteins in glycosomal membrane preparations from the related parasite . Together, these data provide insight in the way in which different parts of metabolism, although uniquely distributed over different compartments, are integrated and regulated. Moreover, this information reveals opportunities for the development of drugs against Chagas disease caused by these parasites and for which currently no adequate treatment is available.
糖体是过氧化物酶体相关的细胞器，已在动基体目和双滴虫目中被发现。糖体的显著特征是其含有大多数糖酵解酶。我们对糖体的生化研究和蛋白质组分析除了定位糖酵解途径的酶外，还定位了细胞器中几种其他代谢过程的酶。这些分析揭示了与其他锥虫中的糖体的许多共同特征，以及似乎对 特有的特征。其酶含量表明 糖体是多功能细胞器，参与糖酵解等几种分解代谢过程和合成代谢过程。本文综述特别讨论了糖体代谢与其他细胞区室中发生的代谢过程之间的交流，以及糖体膜中代谢物转运系统对于协调空间分离过程的重要性。通过鉴定细胞器膜中的 ABC 和 MCF 转运蛋白家族的膜同源蛋白，以及通道蛋白的存在（先前从相关寄生虫的糖体膜制剂中检测到通道形成蛋白推断而来），提出了跨膜代谢物转运的可能机制。这些数据共同提供了对不同代谢部分的方式的深入了解，尽管独特地分布在不同的隔室中，但它们是如何整合和调节的。此外，这些信息为针对这些寄生虫引起的恰加斯病的药物开发提供了机会，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。
