Karlsen Rune H, Karr Justin E, Saksvik Simen B, Lundervold Astri J, Hjemdal Odin, Olsen Alexander, Iverson Grant L, Skandsen Toril
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Departments of Psychiatry and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2022 Mar-Apr;29(2):146-154. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1722126. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a battery of computerized neuropsychological tests commonly used in Europe in neurology and psychiatry studies, including clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability and to develop reliable change indices and regression-based change formulas for using the CANTAB in research and practice involving repeated measurement. A sample of 75 healthy adults completed nine CANTAB tests, assessing three domains (i.e., visual learning and memory, executive function, and visual attention) twice over a 3-month period. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed significant practice effects for 6 of 14 outcome measures with effect sizes ranging from negligible to medium (Hedge's : .15-.40; Cliff's delta: .09-.39). The Spatial Working Memory test, Attention Switching Task, and Rapid Visual Processing test were the only tests with scores of adequate test-retest reliability. For all outcome measures, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients ranged from .39 to .79. The measurement error surrounding difference scores was large, thus requiring large changes in performance (i.e., 1-2 SDs) in order to interpret a change score as reliable. In the regression equations, test scores from initial testing significantly predicted retest scores for all outcome measures. Age was a significant predictor in several of the equations, while education was a significant predictor in only two of the equations. The adjusted values ranged between .19 and .67. The present study provides results enabling clinicians to make probabilistic statements about change in cognitive functions based on CANTAB test performances.
剑桥神经心理测试自动成套系统（CANTAB）是一组计算机化神经心理测试，在欧洲常用于神经学和精神病学研究，包括临床试验。本研究的目的是调查重测信度，并开发可靠的变化指标和基于回归的变化公式，以便在涉及重复测量的研究和实践中使用CANTAB。75名健康成年人的样本在3个月内完成了九项CANTAB测试，对三个领域（即视觉学习和记忆、执行功能和视觉注意力）进行了两次评估。威尔科克森符号秩检验显示，14项结果指标中有6项存在显著的练习效应，效应大小从可忽略不计到中等（赫奇斯系数：.15-.40；克里夫德尔塔：.09-.39）。空间工作记忆测试、注意力转换任务和快速视觉处理测试是仅有的重测信度得分足够的测试。对于所有结果指标，皮尔逊相关系数和斯皮尔曼相关系数范围为.39至.79。围绕差异分数的测量误差很大，因此需要表现有较大变化（即1-2个标准差）才能将变化分数解释为可靠。在回归方程中，初始测试的测试分数显著预测了所有结果指标的重测分数。年龄在几个方程中是显著预测因素，而教育程度仅在两个方程中是显著预测因素。调整后的 值在.19至.67之间。本研究提供的结果使临床医生能够根据CANTAB测试表现对认知功能变化做出概率性陈述。
