Bergman Ingvar, Franke Föyen Ludwig, Gustavsson Anders, Van den Hurk Wobbie
Traffic Medicine Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mindmore AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2025 Feb;66(1):1-14. doi: 10.1111/sjop.13054. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
The present study aimed to establish test-retest reliability and investigate practice effects of the Mindmore cognitive assessment tool, a digital adaptation of traditional pencil and paper tests designed for self-administration. Additionally, normative change scores for the most frequently used tests were derived. A total of 149 healthy Swedish adults (aged 20-79) completed the test battery twice, 1 month apart. The battery assessed attention and processing speed, memory, language, visuospatial functions, and executive functions. Test-retest reliability, measured by ICC and Spearman coefficients, and practice effects were estimated for 22 main-scores and 33 sub-scores. Regression models were used to assess change in performance while controlling for demographics, computer equipment, testing location (online or in-laboratory) and baseline performance for 12 main-scores and nine sub-scores. Test-retest reliability was good for 11 main-scores (≥0.70), satisfactory for five (0.60-0.69), and minimal for six (<0.60) albeit three having satisfactory sub-scores. Practice effects were observed for tests with a major speed component, but not for reaction time, sustained attention, verbal memory and naming (alternate forms), nor visuospatial functions. Trackpad negatively influenced change for one test. Demographics and testing location did not significantly affect the change scores. Our study provides support for test-retest reliability and practice effects of the Mindmore cognitive assessment tool which were comparable to those of traditional tests. These findings, together with the normative change scores, can aid researchers and clinicians in interpreting test results and distinguishing between normal variations in performance and changes indicative of clinical impairment.
本研究旨在建立Mindmore认知评估工具的重测信度，并调查其实践效果。Mindmore认知评估工具是传统纸笔测试的数字版本，设计用于自我施测。此外，还得出了最常用测试的规范变化分数。共有149名健康的瑞典成年人（年龄在20 - 79岁之间）分两次完成了测试组，每次间隔1个月。该测试组评估了注意力和处理速度、记忆、语言、视觉空间功能和执行功能。通过ICC和Spearman系数测量的重测信度以及实践效果针对22个主分数和33个子分数进行了估计。回归模型用于评估在控制人口统计学、计算机设备、测试地点（在线或实验室）以及12个主分数和9个子分数的基线表现的情况下的成绩变化。11个主分数的重测信度良好（≥0.70），5个主分数的重测信度令人满意（0.60 - 0.69），6个主分数的重测信度最低（<0.60），尽管其中3个主分数的子分数令人满意。对于具有主要速度成分的测试观察到了实践效果，但对于反应时间、持续注意力、言语记忆和命名（替代形式）以及视觉空间功能则未观察到实践效果。触控板对一项测试的变化有负面影响。人口统计学和测试地点对变化分数没有显著影响。我们的研究为Mindmore认知评估工具的重测信度和实践效果提供了支持，其与传统测试相当。这些发现以及规范变化分数可以帮助研究人员和临床医生解释测试结果，并区分表现中的正常变化和表明临床损伤的变化。
