Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, England, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 21;15(2):e0229067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229067. eCollection 2020.
Psilocybin, a substance mainly found in mushrooms of the genus psilocybe, has been historically used for ritualistic, recreational and, more recently, medicinal purposes. The scientific literature suggests low toxicity, low risk of addiction, overdose, or other causes of injury commonly caused by substances of abuse, with growing interest in the use of this substance for conditions such as treatment-resistant depression. However, the presence of negative outcomes linked to psilocybin use is not clear yet. The objective of this study is to investigate the negative effects of psilocybin consumption, according to the users' own perception through self-reports extracted from an online platform. 346 reports were analyzed with the assistance of the IRAMUTEQ textual analysis software, adopting the procedures of Descending Hierarchical Classification, Correspondence Factor Analysis and Specificities Analysis. The text segments were grouped in 4 main clusters, describing thinking distortions, emergencies, perceptual alterations and the administration of the substance. Bad trips were more frequent in female users, being associated with thinking distortions. The use of multiple doses of psilocybin in the same session or its combination with other substances was linked to the occurrence of long-term negative outcomes, while the use of mushrooms in single high doses was linked to medical emergencies. These results can be useful for a better understanding of the effects of psilocybin use, guiding harm-reduction initiatives.
裸盖菇素，主要存在于裸盖菇属蘑菇中，历史上被用于仪式、娱乐，最近也被用于医疗目的。科学文献表明，裸盖菇素的毒性低，成瘾、过量或其他滥用物质引起的伤害的风险低，越来越多的人对将这种物质用于治疗抵抗性抑郁症等疾病产生了兴趣。然而，与裸盖菇素使用相关的负面结果尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过从在线平台提取的自我报告，根据使用者的自我感知，调查裸盖菇素消费的负面影响。在 IRAMUTEQ 文本分析软件的协助下，对 346 份报告进行了分析，采用了降序分层分类、对应因子分析和特殊性分析程序。文本片段被分为 4 个主要聚类，描述了思维扭曲、紧急情况、感知改变和物质的管理。女性使用者更容易出现糟糕的体验，与思维扭曲有关。在同一疗程中使用多次剂量的裸盖菇素或与其他物质联合使用与长期负面结果的发生有关，而单次大剂量使用蘑菇则与医疗紧急情况有关。这些结果有助于更好地了解裸盖菇素使用的影响，指导减少伤害的措施。
