Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Therapeutic Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020 Jan 1;153:72-86. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.001. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
This review critically evaluates the sunscreen delivery and toxicity field. We chose to focus on approved sunscreens in this review. Optimal sunscreen use prevents skin cancer and photoageing but there is an important knowledge gap in sunscreen/skin interactions. Sunscreen delivery is a key for efficacy, but studying sunscreen delivery is not straightforward. We review the strengths and weaknesses of in vitro, excised skin and clinical approaches. Understanding positive and negative sunscreen effects on skin homeostasis is also challenging. The results in this field, especially in vitro testing, are controversial and experimental design varies widely which further supports disparities between some findings. We hypothesize that bias towards showing sunscreen toxicity to increase impact could be problematic. We explore that perception through a detailed review of experimental design, especially in cell culture models. Our conclusion is that emerging, non- and minimally invasive technologies are enabling new approaches to volunteer studies that could significantly improve knowledge of sunscreen delivery and interactions.
这篇综述批判性地评估了防晒剂传递和毒性领域。我们选择在这篇综述中重点关注已批准的防晒霜。最佳的防晒霜使用可以预防皮肤癌和光老化，但在防晒霜/皮肤相互作用方面存在重要的知识差距。防晒剂传递是功效的关键，但研究防晒剂传递并不简单。我们回顾了体外、离体皮肤和临床方法的优缺点。了解防晒剂对皮肤稳态的积极和消极影响也具有挑战性。该领域的结果，特别是体外测试，存在争议，实验设计差异很大，这进一步支持了一些发现之间的差异。我们假设，为了提高影响而偏向于显示防晒剂毒性可能会有问题。我们通过详细回顾实验设计，特别是细胞培养模型，探讨了这种看法。我们的结论是，新兴的非侵入性和微创技术正在为志愿者研究开辟新途径，这可能会显著提高对防晒剂传递和相互作用的认识。
