Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South, Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research, Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Feb 18;11(2):205. doi: 10.3390/genes11020205.
With roles in DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription, members of the RecQ DNA helicase family maintain genome integrity from bacteria to mammals. Mutations in human RecQ helicases BLM, WRN and RecQL4 cause incurable disorders characterized by genome instability, increased cancer predisposition and premature adult-onset aging. Yeast cells lacking the RecQ helicase Sgs1 share many of the cellular defects of human cells lacking BLM, including hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents and replication stress, shortened lifespan, genome instability and mitotic hyper-recombination, making them invaluable model systems for elucidating eukaryotic RecQ helicase function. Yeast and human RecQ helicases have common DNA substrates and domain structures and share similar physical interaction partners. Here, we review the major cellular functions of the yeast RecQ helicases Sgs1 of and Rqh1 of and provide an outlook on some of the outstanding questions in the field.
在 DNA 修复、重组、复制和转录中发挥作用，RecQ DNA 解旋酶家族的成员从细菌到哺乳动物都能维持基因组的完整性。人类 RecQ 解旋酶 BLM、WRN 和 RecQL4 的突变会导致无法治愈的疾病，其特征是基因组不稳定、癌症易感性增加和过早的成年期衰老。缺乏 RecQ 解旋酶 Sgs1 的酵母细胞与缺乏 BLM 的人类细胞具有许多相似的细胞缺陷，包括对 DNA 损伤剂和复制应激的敏感性增加、寿命缩短、基因组不稳定和有丝分裂过度重组，使它们成为阐明真核 RecQ 解旋酶功能的非常有价值的模型系统。酵母和人类 RecQ 解旋酶具有共同的 DNA 底物和结构域结构，并具有相似的物理相互作用伙伴。在这里，我们回顾了酵母 RecQ 解旋酶 Sgs1 和 Rqh1 的主要细胞功能，并对该领域的一些悬而未决的问题进行了展望。
