Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
SPILLOproject, Paderno Dugnano, 20037 Milano, Italy.
Cells. 2020 Feb 18;9(2):460. doi: 10.3390/cells9020460.
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major cause of cancer mortality among men in developed countries. Patients with recurrent disease initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses into castration-resistant PCa; in this condition, tumor cells acquire the ability to escape cell death and develop resistance to current therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for PCa management are urgently needed. In this setting, natural products have been extensively studied for their anti-PCa activities, such as tumor growth suppression, cell death induction, and inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals can specifically target the androgen receptor (AR) signaling, as well as the PCa stem cells (PCSCs). Interestingly, many clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of nutraceuticals in human subjects, and they have partially confirmed the promising results obtained in vitro and in preclinical models. This article summarizes the anti-cancer mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of different natural compounds in the context of PCa prevention and treatment.
前列腺癌（PCa）是发达国家男性癌症死亡的主要原因。患有复发性疾病的患者最初对雄激素剥夺疗法有反应，但肿瘤最终会发展为去势抵抗性 PCa；在这种情况下，肿瘤细胞获得了逃避细胞死亡和对现有治疗产生耐药性的能力。因此，迫切需要新的 PCa 治疗方法。在这种情况下，天然产物因其抗肿瘤活性如肿瘤生长抑制、细胞死亡诱导以及抑制转移和血管生成等已被广泛研究。此外，大量研究表明，植物化学物质可以特异性靶向雄激素受体（AR）信号，以及前列腺癌干细胞（PCSCs）。有趣的是，许多临床试验已经进行，以测试营养保健品在人体中的疗效，它们部分证实了在体外和临床前模型中获得的有希望的结果。本文总结了不同天然化合物在预防和治疗 PCa 方面的抗癌机制和治疗潜力。
