Tan Anthony T, Schreiber Sophia
Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
Antiviral Res. 2020 Apr;176:104748. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104748. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global concern due to its high prevalence and the increased probability of progressing toward cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While currently available therapies are effective in controlling HBV replication, they rarely achieve functional cure. Similarly, effective treatment options for HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) are limited and primarily applicable only for early stages of the disease. With the general success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy against B-cell leukemia, adoptively transferring engineered autologous T cells specific for HBV or HCC antigens might represent a promising therapeutic approach for both chronic HBV infection and HBV-HCC. This review will describe the novel T cell-related immunotherapies being developed for both indications and discuss the approach of each strategy, their considerations and limitations when applied for treatment of chronic HBV infection (CHB) and HBV-HCC.
慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染仍然是一个主要的全球关注问题，因为其高流行率以及发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC）的可能性增加。虽然目前可用的疗法在控制HBV复制方面有效，但它们很少能实现功能性治愈。同样，针对HBV相关肝癌（HBV-HCC）的有效治疗选择有限，主要仅适用于疾病的早期阶段。随着嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法在治疗B细胞白血病方面的总体成功，过继转移针对HBV或HCC抗原的工程化自体T细胞可能是慢性HBV感染和HBV-HCC的一种有前景的治疗方法。本综述将描述正在针对这两种适应症开发的新型T细胞相关免疫疗法，并讨论每种策略的方法、在应用于慢性HBV感染（CHB）和HBV-HCC治疗时的考虑因素和局限性。
