Paediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Sleep Med. 2020 May;69:145-154. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.01.009. Epub 2020 Jan 20.
Sleep difficulties are highly prevalent and often persistent in young children, but sometimes parents are worried about sleep symptoms that belong to the normative range rather than to actual disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the normative development of sleep at the ages of 3, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months in healthy children.
The present study is based on two birth cohorts that comprise representative samples of families recruited systematically during pregnancy. In the CHILD-SLEEP cohort, the sample sizes were 1427 at three, 1301 at eight, 1163 at 18, and 950 at 24 months. In the Finnbrain cohort, the sample sizes were 2002 at six months and 1693 at 12 months. Healthy term-born children were eligible for this study. To assess the infants' sleep duration and sleep quality, the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used in both cohorts and additionally the Infant Sleep Questionnaire in the CHILD-SLEEP cohort. The distributions of the study variables were reported using standard parameters.
We found that sleep quality is highly variable particularly during the first two years of life, but this variability decreased markedly towards the second year. First, sleep latency decreased by the age of six months, while night-time sleep began to consolidate during the second year. However, parent-reported sleeping problems were common during the entire study period.
As many families struggle with infants' sleeping problems, the reference values reported in this article can be valuable tools in various clinical settings to define clinically significant deviances in the sleep development and to identify individuals benefitting from counselling and clinical interventions.
睡眠困难在幼儿中非常普遍且往往持续存在，但有时父母会担心属于正常范围而非实际障碍的睡眠症状。因此，本研究旨在描述健康儿童在 3、6、8、12、18 和 24 个月时的睡眠正常发育。
本研究基于两个出生队列，这些队列包含在怀孕期间有系统招募的代表性家庭样本。在 CHILD-SLEEP 队列中，样本量分别为 3 个月时 1427 例、8 个月时 1301 例、18 个月时 1163 例和 24 个月时 950 例。在 Finnbrain 队列中，样本量分别为 6 个月时 2002 例和 12 个月时 1693 例。本研究适合健康足月出生的儿童。为了评估婴儿的睡眠时间和睡眠质量，两个队列都使用了简短婴儿睡眠问卷，并且在 CHILD-SLEEP 队列中还使用了婴儿睡眠问卷。使用标准参数报告研究变量的分布。
我们发现，睡眠质量的变异性特别高，尤其是在前两年，但这种变异性在第二年显著降低。首先，睡眠潜伏期在六个月大时下降，而夜间睡眠时间在第二年开始巩固。然而，父母报告的睡眠问题在整个研究期间都很常见。
由于许多家庭都在与婴儿的睡眠问题作斗争，因此本文报告的参考值在各种临床环境中都是有价值的工具，可以用于定义睡眠发育中的临床显著偏差，并识别受益于咨询和临床干预的个体。
