Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jun;249:126224. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126224. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
To assess the toxic effects of 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) at environmentally relevant concentrations on the reproduction and development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), adult paired medaka (F0) were exposed to 5, 50, and 500 μg/L 4-MBC for 28 d in the current study. The fecundity and fertility were significantly decreased at 500 μg/L 4-MBC (p < 0.05). Histological observations showed that spermatogenesis in F0 males was significantly inhibited at 50 and 500 μg/L 4-MBC, similar to the effects obtained with all treatments of plasma 11-ketotestosterone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the plasma vitellogenin and estradiol levels in F0 females were significantly increased at 5 μg/L 4-MBC (p < 0.05). All the transcripts of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes tested in the brains and gonads of males were significantly increased at all treatments, similar to the effects obtained for erα, erβ and vtg in the livers and in contrast to those found for arα in the livers (p < 0.05). Equal numbers of embryos were exposed to tap water and 4-MBC solutions. Significantly increased times to hatching, decreased hatching rates and decreased body lengths at 14-day post-hatching (dph) were obtained at 500 μg/L 4-MBC treatment (p < 0.05). The cumulative death rates at 14 dph were significantly increased with all the treatments (p < 0.05). Therefore, our results showed that long-term exposure to 50 and 500 μg/L 4-MBC causes reproductive and developmental toxicity and thus provide new insight into antiandrogenicity and the mechanism of 4-MBC in Japanese medaka.
为了评估 3-(4-甲基亚苄基)樟脑（4-MBC）在环境相关浓度下对日本青鳉（Oryzias latipes）繁殖和发育的毒性作用，本研究中，将成年配对的青鳉（F0）暴露于 5、50 和 500μg/L 的 4-MBC 中 28 天。在 500μg/L 的 4-MBC 中，生殖力和生育率显著降低（p<0.05）。组织学观察显示，50 和 500μg/L 的 4-MBC 对 F0 雄性的精子发生有明显抑制作用，与所有处理组的血浆 11-酮睾酮（p<0.05）的作用相似。此外，5μg/L 的 4-MBC 使 F0 雌性的血浆卵黄蛋白原和雌二醇水平显著升高（p<0.05）。所有在雄性大脑和性腺中测试的下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴相关基因的转录本在所有处理组中均显著增加，与肝脏中 erα、erβ 和 vtg 的作用相似，而与肝脏中 arα 的作用相反（p<0.05）。等量的胚胎暴露于自来水和 4-MBC 溶液中。在 500μg/L 的 4-MBC 处理组中，孵化时间显著延长，孵化率降低，孵化后 14 天（dph）的体长减小（p<0.05）。14dph 的累积死亡率在所有处理组中均显著升高（p<0.05）。因此，我们的结果表明，长期暴露于 50 和 500μg/L 的 4-MBC 会导致生殖和发育毒性，从而为抗雄激素作用和 4-MBC 在日本青鳉中的作用机制提供了新的见解。
