Liu Runping, Li Xiaojiaoyang, Huang Nana, Fan Mengyue, Sun Rong
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Adv Pharmacol. 2020;87:301-346. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.08.001. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat numerous kinds of diseases for more than 2000 years in eastern Asian countries. A portion of the TCM herbal and mineral products are believed to be toxic according to modern standards, and are still widely prescribed in the clinic. However, some TCM products considered to be non-toxic or low-toxic have been reported to possess significant toxicological effects on different organs in both animal and human models. In this review, we define the term "toxic" in TCM, and then we summarize the advances in pharmacology and toxicology research of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TTCM), including Chinese aconite (Fu Zi), Arsenic Trioxide, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (Thunder God Vine), herbal drugs derived from plants in the Aristolochiaceae Juss. family (Ma Dou Ling), and other TCM products. Finally, the compatibility art of TCM and modern pharmaceutical approaches to manage undesired toxicity of TTCM is discussed. Promoting pharmacology and toxicology studies of TTCM and non-toxic TCM is critical for the further development and safety of TCM in clinical practice.
在东亚国家，传统中医（TCM）已被用于治疗多种疾病两千多年。按照现代标准，部分中药草药和矿物产品被认为有毒，但在临床上仍被广泛使用。然而，一些被认为无毒或低毒的中药产品在动物和人体模型中已被报道对不同器官具有显著的毒理学作用。在本综述中，我们定义了中医中“有毒”一词，然后总结了有毒中药（TTCM）的药理学和毒理学研究进展，包括附子、三氧化二砷、雷公藤、马兜铃科植物衍生的草药以及其他中药产品。最后，讨论了中医的配伍技巧和现代制药方法以控制有毒中药的不良毒性。推动有毒中药和无毒中药的药理学和毒理学研究对于中医在临床实践中的进一步发展和安全性至关重要。
