Jonas J B, Gusek G C, Naumann G O
Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1988;226(6):587-90. doi: 10.1007/BF02169209.
The optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes is distinctly different from normal optic disks. We performed magnification-corrected morphometry of photographs of 51 optic nerve heads in highly myopic eyes (myopic refraction of more than -8.00 diopters). Mean refraction was -15.49 +/- 5.76 diopters (range, -8.00 to 28.00 diopters), mean age 63.0 +/- 12.1 years (range, 27-87 years). The disks were significantly (P less than 0.000001; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) larger and more ovally configurated than 457 unselected normal optic nerve heads with a myopic refraction of less than -8.00 diopters. Refraction, size of the disk, and area of the parapapillary region with chorioretinal atrophy were significantly (P less than 0.00001) correlated with each other. The parapapillary vessel diameter was independent from the disk size. Highly myopic disks can be regarded as secondary acquired macrodisks, the size of which is correlated with refraction and possibly age. They should be differentiated from secondary, acquired macrodisks in congenital glaucoma and from primary macrodisks. As in normal eyes, the parapapillary vessel caliber can be used to estimate the optic disk size in relative and approximately absolute units.
高度近视眼的视神经乳头与正常视盘明显不同。我们对51只高度近视眼（近视屈光度超过-8.00 D）的视神经乳头照片进行了放大校正形态测量。平均屈光度为-15.49±5.76 D（范围为-8.00至-28.00 D），平均年龄63.0±12.1岁（范围为27 - 87岁）。与457只未选择的近视屈光度小于-8.00 D的正常视神经乳头相比，这些视盘明显更大（P<0.000001；Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney检验）且呈更椭圆形。屈光度、视盘大小以及伴有脉络膜视网膜萎缩的视盘旁区域面积之间存在显著相关性（P<0.00001）。视盘旁血管直径与视盘大小无关。高度近视眼视盘可被视为继发性后天性大视盘，其大小与屈光度以及可能与年龄相关。应将它们与先天性青光眼的继发性后天性大视盘以及原发性大视盘区分开来。与正常眼一样，视盘旁血管管径可用于以相对和近似绝对单位估计视盘大小。
