Hougen H P
University Institute of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Forensic Sci Int. 1988 Oct;39(1):5-11. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(88)90113-2.
The study comprised 24 male Lebanese refugees living in Denmark. Twelve of them alleged having been tortured in Lebanon during the period 1981-85. The remaining twelve had neither been imprisoned nor tortured and thus acted as control persons. All the testimonies were found to be valid according to a method previously used by the author. The most common forms of torture were blows against the head, body and foot soles, suspension and asphyxiation. Threats and solitary confinement were frequent, and sexual violations were also reported. At the time of examination (March-November 1986), the main complaints were headaches, various cardiopulmonary symptoms, sleep disturbances with nightmares, impaired concentration and memory, and emotional lability. Suicide attempts were reported. Prior to the torture all the probands had been healthy except for several cases of gunshot wounds. The clinical examination revealed different scars possibly related to torture in nearly all the cases. Missing or fractured teeth, peripheral nerve damage and mental depression were also found. The 12 controls had several mental and physical complaints, but significantly fewer than the probands. Almost all of them had scars from gunshot wounds. The present study clearly indicates that torture plus exilation has a more deteriorating effect on the health status than exilation alone.
该研究包括24名居住在丹麦的黎巴嫩男性难民。其中12人声称在1981年至1985年期间在黎巴嫩遭受过酷刑。其余12人既未被监禁也未遭受过酷刑，因此作为对照人员。根据作者先前使用的一种方法，所有证词均被认定为有效。最常见的酷刑形式是击打头部、身体和脚底、悬吊和窒息。威胁和单独监禁很常见，也有性侵犯的报告。在检查时（1986年3月至11月），主要症状为头痛、各种心肺症状、伴有噩梦的睡眠障碍、注意力和记忆力受损以及情绪不稳定。有自杀未遂的报告。在遭受酷刑之前，除了几例枪伤外，所有先证者都很健康。临床检查发现几乎所有病例都有可能与酷刑有关的不同疤痕。还发现了牙齿缺失或折断、周围神经损伤和精神抑郁。12名对照人员有一些身心方面的症状，但明显少于先证者。他们几乎所有人都有枪伤留下的疤痕。本研究清楚地表明，酷刑加流亡对健康状况的恶化影响比单纯流亡更大。
