Nakagawa Yoshinao, Kasumi Takafumi, Ogihara Jun, Tamura Masazumi, Arai Takashi, Tomishige Keiichi
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
Research Center for Rare Metal and Green Innovation, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
ACS Omega. 2020 Feb 5;5(6):2520-2530. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04046. eCollection 2020 Feb 18.
The potential of erythritol as a platform chemical in biomass refinery is discussed in terms of erythritol production and utilization. Regarding erythritol production, fermentation of sugar or starch has been already commercialized. The shift of the carbon source from glucose to inexpensive inedible waste glycerol is being investigated, which will decrease the price of erythritol. The carbon-based yield of erythritol from glycerol is comparable to or even higher than that from glucose. The metabolic pathway of erythritol biosynthesis has become clarified: erythrose-4-phosphate, which is one of the intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway, is dephosphorylated and reduced to erythritol. The information about the metabolic pathway may give insights to improve the productivity by bleeding. Regarding erythritol utilization, chemical conversions of erythritol, especially deoxygenation, have been investigated in these days. Erythritol is easily dehydrated to 1,4-anhydroerythritol, which can be also used as the substrate for production of useful C4 chemicals. C-O hydrogenolysis and deoxydehydration using heterogeneous catalysts are effective reactions for erythritol/1,4-anhydroerythritol conversion.
本文从赤藓糖醇的生产和利用方面，探讨了其作为生物质精炼平台化学品的潜力。关于赤藓糖醇的生产，糖或淀粉发酵已实现商业化。目前正在研究将碳源从葡萄糖转向廉价的不可食用废甘油，这将降低赤藓糖醇的价格。甘油生产赤藓糖醇的碳基产量与葡萄糖相当，甚至更高。赤藓糖醇生物合成的代谢途径已得到阐明：磷酸戊糖途径中的中间产物之一4-磷酸赤藓糖被去磷酸化并还原为赤藓糖醇。有关代谢途径的信息可能有助于通过渗漏提高生产率。关于赤藓糖醇的利用，近年来对赤藓糖醇的化学转化，尤其是脱氧反应进行了研究。赤藓糖醇很容易脱水生成1,4-脱水赤藓糖醇，后者也可作为生产有用C4化学品的底物。使用多相催化剂的C-O氢解和脱氧脱水是赤藓糖醇/1,4-脱水赤藓糖醇转化的有效反应。
