Shumilina Daria, Kornyukhin Dmitry, Domblides Elena, Soldatenko Alexey, Artemyeva Anna
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Selektsionnaya St., 14, VNIISSOK, Odintsovo Reg., Moscow District 143072, Russia.
Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42,44, B. Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Feb 21;9(2):278. doi: 10.3390/plants9020278.
Turnip is a biennial crop and, consequently, the creation of pure lines for breeding is a time-consuming process. The production of pure turnip lines using doubled haploids produced in isolated microspore culture has not been sufficiently developed. The aim of the present work was to determine some key factors inducing embryogenesis in the isolated microspore culture of turnip, as well as investigating the manners of embryo development. It was shown that the acidity of the medium is an important factor in embryo production; different optimal pH levels ranging from 6.2 to 6.6 corresponded to individual genotypes. Such factors as the cold treatment of buds and the addition of activated charcoal to the nutrient medium increased the responsiveness of all genotypes studied. The turnip variety 'Ronde witte roodkop herfst' demonstrated a genetic disorder in the development of microspores; namely, non-separation of some microspores from tetrads. In the in vitro culture, each of the daughter microspores developed on its own. This indicates the dependence of the possibility of embryogenesis in the turnip microspore culture on the genotype. Results suggest that the initiation of secondary embryogenesis in primary embryos leads to an increase in the proportion of doubled haploid plants.
芜菁是一种二年生作物，因此，培育纯系品种是一个耗时的过程。利用游离小孢子培养产生的双单倍体来生产纯芜菁品系的方法尚未得到充分发展。本研究的目的是确定芜菁游离小孢子培养中诱导胚胎发生的一些关键因素，并研究胚胎发育的方式。结果表明，培养基的酸度是胚胎生产中的一个重要因素；不同的最佳pH值范围为6.2至6.6，对应于不同的基因型。芽的冷处理和在营养培养基中添加活性炭等因素提高了所有研究基因型的反应能力。芜菁品种“Ronde witte roodkop herfst”在小孢子发育过程中表现出一种遗传紊乱；即一些小孢子与四分体不分离。在体外培养中，每个子小孢子都独立发育。这表明芜菁小孢子培养中胚胎发生的可能性取决于基因型。结果表明，初级胚胎中次生胚胎发生的启动会导致双单倍体植株比例的增加。
