分析 2003 年至 2015 年个人和团体运动的兴奋剂检测结果。
Analysis of doping control test results in individual and team sports from 2003 to 2015.
机构信息
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, 28692, Spain; Faculty of Education, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
Department for Doping Control, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport, Madrid, 28016, Spain.
出版信息
J Sport Health Sci. 2020 Mar;9(2):160-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.005. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
BACKGROUND
Determining the prevalence of doping in sport might be useful for anti-doping authorities to gauge the effectiveness of anti-doping policies implemented to prevent positive attitudes toward doping. Using questionnaires and personal interviews, previous investigations have found that the prevalence of doping might be different among different sports disciplines; however, there is no sport-specific information about the proportion of adverse and atypical findings (AAF) in samples used for doping control. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the differences in the frequency of adverse analytical and atypical findings among sports using the data made available by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
METHODS
The data included in this investigation were gathered from the Testing Figures Reports made available annually from 2003 to 2015 by the World Anti-Doping Agency. These Testing Figures Reports include information about the number of samples analyzed, the number of AAFs reported, and the most commonly found drugs in the urine and blood samples analyzed. A total of 1,347,213 samples were analyzed from the individual sports selected for this investigation, and 698,371 samples were analyzed for disciplines catalogued as team sports.
RESULTS
In individual sports, the highest proportions of AAF were 3.3% ± 1.0% in cycling, 3.0% ± 0.6% in weightlifting, and 2.9% ± 0.6% in boxing. In team sports, the highest proportions of AAF were 2.2% ± 0.5% in ice hockey, 2.0% ± 0.5% in rugby, and 2.0% ± 0.5% in basketball. Gymnastics and skating had the lowest proportions at (≤1.0%) for individual sports, and field hockey, volleyball and football had the lowest proportions for team sports (≤1.4%).
CONCLUSION
As suggested by the analysis, the incidence of AAF was not uniform across all sports disciplines, with the different proportions pointing to an uneven use of banned substances depending on the sport. This information might be useful for increasing the strength and efficacy of anti-doping policies in those sports with the highest prevalence in the use of banned substances.
背景
确定运动中的兴奋剂流行率可能有助于反兴奋剂机构评估为防止对兴奋剂的积极态度而实施的反兴奋剂政策的有效性。先前的调查使用问卷和个人访谈发现，不同运动学科之间的兴奋剂流行率可能有所不同；但是，关于用于兴奋剂控制的样本中不良和非典型发现（AAF）的比例，没有特定于运动的信息。本研究的目的是使用世界反兴奋剂机构提供的数据评估不同运动项目中不良分析和非典型发现的频率差异。
方法
本研究中包含的数据是从 2003 年至 2015 年世界反兴奋剂机构每年提供的测试数据报告中收集的。这些测试数据报告包括分析的样本数量、报告的 AAF 数量以及尿液和血液样本中最常见的药物。从本研究中选择的个别运动项目中分析了总共 1347213 个样本，从团队运动项目中分析了 698371 个样本。
结果
在个人运动项目中，AAF 的最高比例为自行车运动 3.3%±1.0%，举重 3.0%±0.6%，拳击 2.9%±0.6%。在团队运动项目中，AAF 的最高比例为冰球 2.2%±0.5%，橄榄球 2.0%±0.5%，篮球 2.0%±0.5%。个人运动项目中，体操和滑冰的比例最低（≤1.0%），团队运动项目中，曲棍球、排球和足球的比例最低（≤1.4%）。
结论
正如分析所表明的，AAF 的发生率并非在所有运动学科中都均匀，不同的比例表明根据运动的不同，禁用物质的使用不均匀。这些信息可能有助于增加在禁用物质使用流行率最高的那些运动中反兴奋剂政策的力度和效果。
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