García-Grimau Elena, De la Vega Ricardo, De Arce Rafael, Casado Arturo
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Digital Communications, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 8;12:679001. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679001. eCollection 2021.
The Sport Drug Control Model (SDCM) is likely to be the model which most explicitly represents the theoretical paradigm of the psychological study of the use of doping in sport. This model can be further developed through its analysis in different populations and cultures. The main aim of this study was to empirically test the SDCM while analyzing for the first time the intentions and attitudes toward doping in Spanish track and field athletes. A secondary aim was to assess the extent to which the variables in the model together predict attitude, susceptibility, and behavior toward the use of performance-enhancing substances. Participants were 281 Spanish elite and national-standard track and field athletes from whom 80.1% were 18-28 years old and 49.5% were females. Participants completed the SDCM questionnaire measuring morality, legitimacy, benefits appraisal, threat appraisal, self-efficacy to refrain from doping, reference groups' endorsement of doping methods/substances, use of legal supplements, availability and affordability of doping, attitudes toward doping, susceptibility to doping and, self-reported use of banned performance-enhancing substances or methods. Structural equation modeling supported a good fitness of the SDCM and confirmed that positive attitudes toward doping predicted high susceptibility to doping (β = 0.55, < 0.001), which is in turn associated with the use of prohibited substances and methods (β = 0.12, < 0.05). The factors that have most influence on attitudes toward doping are morality (β = 0.46, < 0.001) and reference group opinion (β =0.62, <0.001). Self-reported doping use was 9.6%. These findings confirm SDCM reproducibility and variability (as it accounts for several variables) in Spanish track and field competitive athletes. It is recommended to implement preventive programs which allow athletes to acquire a strong moral stance against doping and coaches to employ the tools required to instill and educate their athletes in rejecting these illegal practices that corrupt the integrity of competitive sport.
运动药物控制模型（SDCM）可能是最明确代表体育界使用兴奋剂心理研究理论范式的模型。通过在不同人群和文化中进行分析，该模型可以得到进一步发展。本研究的主要目的是对SDCM进行实证检验，同时首次分析西班牙田径运动员对使用兴奋剂的意图和态度。次要目的是评估模型中的变量共同预测对使用提高成绩物质的态度、易感性和行为的程度。参与者为281名西班牙精英和国家标准田径运动员，其中80.1%的年龄在18至28岁之间，49.5%为女性。参与者完成了SDCM问卷，该问卷测量道德、合法性、益处评估、威胁评估、抵制使用兴奋剂的自我效能感、参照群体对兴奋剂方法/物质的认可、合法补充剂的使用、兴奋剂的可获得性和可承受性、对兴奋剂的态度、对使用兴奋剂的易感性以及自我报告的使用违禁提高成绩物质或方法的情况。结构方程模型支持SDCM具有良好的拟合度，并证实对兴奋剂的积极态度预测了对使用兴奋剂的高易感性（β = 0.55，<0.001），而这又与使用违禁物质和方法相关（β = 0.12，<0.05）。对兴奋剂态度影响最大的因素是道德（β = 0.46，<0.001）和参照群体意见（β = 0.62，<0.001）。自我报告的兴奋剂使用率为9.6%。这些发现证实了SDCM在西班牙田径竞技运动员中的可重复性和变异性（因为它考虑了多个变量）。建议实施预防计划，使运动员能够对使用兴奋剂形成强烈的道德立场，并使教练能够运用所需工具，向运动员灌输并教育他们拒绝这些破坏竞技运动诚信的非法行为。
