Yang Yin, Li Qihua, Garber Paul A, Grueter Cyril C, Ren Guopeng, Wang Xinwen, Huang Zhipang, Xiang Zuofu, Xiao Wen, Behie Alison
Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia.
Am J Primatol. 2020 Mar;82(3):e23108. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23108. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
Anthropogenic changes and fragmentation of natural habitats often exert a negative effect on resource availability and distribution, and the nutritional ecology and feeding behavior of nonhuman primates. The goals of this study are to examine food choice and to identify the nutritional profile of foods consumed by the Critically Endangered black snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri). To accomplish our study goals, we presented cafeteria-style feeding trials of fresh food items collected in the home range of wild black snub-nosed monkeys to the only two captive R. strykeri, and compared the nutritional profiles of the leafy foods (buds, young, and mature leaves, 100 i23tems from 70 plant species) selected with those avoided (54 items from 48 plant species). Overall, the results indicate that captive R. strykeri selected foods that were higher in moisture (Mo; 77.7%), crude protein (CP; 21.2%), total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC; 34.9%), and phosphorus (P; 0.37%) while tending to avoid foods with a neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of greater than 46.8%. Leaves collected in autumn and selected by the monkeys were characterized by a slightly higher amount of metabolizable energy (ME) than those rejected (1,350 kJ/100 g vs. 1,268 kJ/100 g). In contrast, the protein content of foods collected and consumed during the spring was greater (22.9%) than in autumn (16.4%). Random Forests modeling, an ensemble learning method, indicated that the proportion of Mo, NDF, ME, CP, P, and TNC were among the most important factors in predicting which items were consumed by the captive R. strykeri during spring and autumn. On the basis of the nutritional profile of foods consumed across the two seasons, we identified 18 nutrient-rich native plant species that we recommend for use in ex- and in-situ conservation management and reforestation programs to provide long-term access to a nutritionally adequate diet.
人为导致的自然栖息地变化和破碎化常常对资源的可用性与分布以及非人灵长类动物的营养生态学和取食行为产生负面影响。本研究的目标是检验食物选择情况，并确定极度濒危的滇金丝猴（Rhinopithecus strykeri）所食用食物的营养成分。为实现我们的研究目标，我们对圈养的仅有的两只滇金丝猴进行了自助式取食试验，向它们提供在野生滇金丝猴活动范围内采集的新鲜食物，并比较了它们所选的多叶食物（芽、幼叶和成熟叶，来自70种植物的100个样本）与避开的食物（来自48种植物的54个样本）的营养成分。总体而言，结果表明圈养的滇金丝猴选择了水分含量（Mo；77.7%）、粗蛋白（CP；21.2%）、总非结构性碳水化合物（TNC；34.9%）和磷（P；0.37%）含量较高的食物，同时倾向于避开中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量大于46.8%的食物。猴子在秋季采集并选择的叶子的可代谢能量（ME）含量略高于被拒绝的叶子（1350千焦/100克对1268千焦/100克）。相比之下，春季采集并食用的食物的蛋白质含量（22.9%）高于秋季（16.4%）。随机森林建模（一种集成学习方法）表明，Mo、NDF、ME、CP、P和TNC的比例是预测圈养滇金丝猴在春季和秋季食用哪些食物的最重要因素。根据两个季节所食用食物的营养成分，我们确定了18种营养丰富的本土植物物种，建议在迁地和就地保护管理以及重新造林项目中使用，以便长期提供营养充足的饮食。
