Rahman Mohammad Ziaur, Kibria Md Golam, Mullins Charles Buddie
John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1589, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2020 Mar 21;49(6):1887-1931. doi: 10.1039/c9cs00313d. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
This review focuses on the discussion of the latest progress and remaining challenges in selected metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen production. The scope of this review is limited to the metal-free elemental photocatalysts (i.e. B, C, P, S, Si, Se etc.), binary photocatalysts (i.e. BC, BC, CN, h-BN etc.) and their heterojunction, ternary photocatalysts (i.e. BCN) and their heterojunction, and different types of organic photocatalysts (i.e. linear, covalent organic frameworks, microporous polymer, covalent triazine frameworks etc.) and their heterostructures. Following a succinct depiction of the latest progress in hydrogen evolution on these photocatalysts, discussion has been extended to the potential strategies that are deemed necessary to attain high quantum efficiency and high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency. Issues with reproducibility and the disputes in reporting the hydrogen evolution rate have been also discussed with recommendations to overcome them. A few key factors are highlighted that may facilitate the scalability of the photocatalyst from microscale to macroscale production in meeting the targeted 10% STH. This review is concluded with additional perspectives regarding future research in fundamental materials aspects of high efficiency photocatalysts followed by six open questions that may need to be resolved by forming a global hydrogen taskforce in order to translate bench-top research into large-scale production of hydrogen.
本综述重点讨论了用于制氢的特定无金属光催化剂的最新进展和现存挑战。本综述的范围限于无金属元素光催化剂（即硼、碳、磷、硫、硅、硒等）、二元光催化剂（即碳化硼、氮化硼、碳氮化物、六方氮化硼等）及其异质结、三元光催化剂（即硼碳氮化物）及其异质结，以及不同类型的有机光催化剂（即线性、共价有机框架、微孔聚合物、共价三嗪框架等）及其异质结构。在简要描述这些光催化剂在析氢方面的最新进展之后，讨论扩展到了为实现高量子效率和高太阳能到氢能（STH）转换效率而被认为必要的潜在策略。还讨论了可重复性问题以及在报告析氢速率方面的争议，并提出了克服这些问题的建议。强调了几个关键因素，这些因素可能有助于光催化剂从微观规模扩大到宏观规模生产，以达到目标10%的STH。本综述最后对高效光催化剂基础材料方面的未来研究提出了其他观点，随后提出了六个开放性问题，可能需要通过组建全球氢能特别工作组来解决，以便将实验室研究转化为大规模制氢生产。
